ASU Exam 3 Study Guide BIO 340 Questions - A+ Rated Study Resource

ASU Exam 3 Study Guide BIO 340 Questions - A+ Rated Study Resource Describe the experiments that led to the discovery of DNA as the hereditary meterial - answer - 1. The bacterial transforming principle by Griffith: found that nonvirulent R-strain takes up a transforming principle from the virulent heat-killed S-strain. This allowed the R-strain to transform into S-strain becoming virulent. 2. Avery-MacLeod-McCarty Experiment: S-strain filtrate was made and treated with RNase, Dnase, Protease, and Carboase. Those were then treated with the R-strain and found that the only dample containing both both strains was the one with Dnase. 3. The Hershey Chase experiment: Officially concluded that DNA was genetic material from work with phages. What were the conclusions for the three experiments that led to DNA being the hereditary meterial? - answer - 1. The bacterial transforming principle by Griffith: found that nonvirulent R-strain takes up a transforming principle from the virulent heat-killed S-strain. This allowed the R-strain to transform into S-strain becoming virulent. 2. Avery-MacLeod-McCarty Experiment: DNA is the transforming factor 3. The Hershey-Chase Experiment: DNA is the genetic material What are the building blocks of DNA - answer - nucleotides What are nucleotides composed of? - answer - 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base A, T, G, C Nucleotides combine via___ - answer - covalent bonds Nucleotides are assembled into polynucleotide chains by: a. endonuclease b. DNA pol. c. RNA pol. d. helicase - answer - b. DNA pol Who determined that structure of DNA? - answer - Crick and Watson Who discovered the secondary structure of proteins using x-ray crystallography? - answer - Linus Pauling Does DNA run parallel or anti parallel? - answer - anti-parallel (strand one 5'-3')(strand 2 3'-5') What is Chargaff's rule? - answer - DNA should have a 1:1 ratio(G=C, A=T) The haploid human genome is 3 Gbp long (3x10^9 bp). There are approximately 50 trillion cells in the human body. How long would all of the human genomic DNA in your body be if it were stretch out end to end? - answer - ~2m There is approx, 50 trillion cells in the human body. How long would all of the human DNA in your body be if it were stretched end to end? a. 10 billion km b. 100 billion km c. 1000 billion km - answer - b. 100 billion km what is the difference in the origins of replication between pro/eukaryotes? - answer - prokayotes have just one OoR while Eukaryotes have multiple due to their being more complex than prokaryotes. what is the expansion around the origin or replication called? - answer - replication bubble What does DNA polymerase do? - answer - adds nucleotides to the growing DNA chain that are complementary to the template strand In prokaryotes there are three DNA pol. Describe what each one does - answer - DNA pol I and II: repairs DNA pol III: DNA synthesis How does replication know where to being? - answer - There are specific nucleotide sequences that code for where replication begins. What does Helicase do and what does it require? - answer - //Helicase// *unwinds* the DNA by breaking the H-bonds between base pairs. //Required// is ATP hydrolysis As the DNA is unwound by *Helicase*, a y-shaped structure called _____1____ are formed. two _____2_____ are formed at the origin or replication and these get extended ____3____ - answer - 1 and 2 replication forks 3 bidirectionally What protein coats the single DNA strands near the replication fork to prevent DNA from unwinding /back/ into a double helix? - answer - Single-strand binding proteins What is a primer? - answer - A short segment of DNA that acts as the starting point for a new strand also provides the free 3'-OH end What does RNA //primase// do? - answer - synthesizes RNA primers so that *DNA pol* can now extend RNA primer, starting the replication process What is the 10 step process of DNA replication in __*Prokaryotes*__ - answer - 1. DNA unwinds at