, DNA a Protein
Synthesis
What is DNA ?
Deoxyribonuclei Acid each cell which code for proteins a control protein Synthesis
genes
·
carries in
·
It wa s "discovered" in 1953
by James Watsona Francis Crick
↳ found
they used
X-rays by Rosalind Franklin a Maurice Wilkins
·
Found in the nucleus as part of the chromatin network
↳ It is also found in other
organellesleg
:
Mitochondria a
chloroplasts) as extronuclear DNA
Structure of DNA
·
DNA is shaped like a double helix
·
Building block of DNA-nucleotide
·
Each nucleotide contains :
↳
phosphate group
↳ deoxyribose sugar
↳
nitrogenous base
<
example of a nucleotide
Nucleotides
I . Adenine (purine)
2xHB's
.
2 Thymine (pyramidine)
.
3
Cytosine (pyramidine)
3xHB's
9 . Guanine (purine)
Purine (A + a) =
2 fused
rings
(T C)
Pyramidine
=
one
ring
·
+
So t h at replication
↑
can occur
nucleotides are matched pairs (A + T and C + G) with weak
hydrogen bonds
·
in
*
Only 2% of DNA carries
genetic materials
,
the rest is used in
profiling
Mitochondrial DNA
Double-stranded ring shaped DNA molecule in the mitochondria
,
·
only inherited from mother because all
organelles come from the
egg (only chromosome from sperm)
remains unchanged except for occasional mutations
·
used to trace lineage (matrilineage) and determine relationship using a C A/Mitochondrial Eve
·
.
DNA Replication
the process of making a new DNA molecule which is identical to the parent
·
↳ occurs in the nucleus during interphase
Process
Hellcase causes double hell to and bonds break
1 .
DNA the unwind the
hydrogen to
.
2 Each strand ac ts as a template for free nucleotides in the nucleoplasm to attach to
template ........ 1 f re e
strand
G
nucleotides
.......
Synthesis
What is DNA ?
Deoxyribonuclei Acid each cell which code for proteins a control protein Synthesis
genes
·
carries in
·
It wa s "discovered" in 1953
by James Watsona Francis Crick
↳ found
they used
X-rays by Rosalind Franklin a Maurice Wilkins
·
Found in the nucleus as part of the chromatin network
↳ It is also found in other
organellesleg
:
Mitochondria a
chloroplasts) as extronuclear DNA
Structure of DNA
·
DNA is shaped like a double helix
·
Building block of DNA-nucleotide
·
Each nucleotide contains :
↳
phosphate group
↳ deoxyribose sugar
↳
nitrogenous base
<
example of a nucleotide
Nucleotides
I . Adenine (purine)
2xHB's
.
2 Thymine (pyramidine)
.
3
Cytosine (pyramidine)
3xHB's
9 . Guanine (purine)
Purine (A + a) =
2 fused
rings
(T C)
Pyramidine
=
one
ring
·
+
So t h at replication
↑
can occur
nucleotides are matched pairs (A + T and C + G) with weak
hydrogen bonds
·
in
*
Only 2% of DNA carries
genetic materials
,
the rest is used in
profiling
Mitochondrial DNA
Double-stranded ring shaped DNA molecule in the mitochondria
,
·
only inherited from mother because all
organelles come from the
egg (only chromosome from sperm)
remains unchanged except for occasional mutations
·
used to trace lineage (matrilineage) and determine relationship using a C A/Mitochondrial Eve
·
.
DNA Replication
the process of making a new DNA molecule which is identical to the parent
·
↳ occurs in the nucleus during interphase
Process
Hellcase causes double hell to and bonds break
1 .
DNA the unwind the
hydrogen to
.
2 Each strand ac ts as a template for free nucleotides in the nucleoplasm to attach to
template ........ 1 f re e
strand
G
nucleotides
.......
