HK 3401 (Practical/Written 1) Questions and Answers Rated A
Each intervertebral foramen is formed from the inferior
vertebral notch of the superior vertebrae and the superior
vertebral notch of the inferior vertebrae.
What makes up the intervertebral foramen? What passes Spinal nerves pass through the intervertebral foramina.
through this opening?
1) bifid spinous process
2) foramen of the transverse process (for passage of the
cervical artery)
3) triangular shaped vertebral foramen
What are 3 characteristics that can be used to identify
cervical vertebrae?
1) long spinous processes (giratte)
2) facets for articulation with the ribs
3) heart shaped vertebral bodies
What are 3 characteristics that can be used to identify
thoracic vertebrae?
Where does the head of the rib articulate on thoracic
vertebrae? The tubercle of the rib?
, Head -> articulates with a demi-facet on the vertebral
body
Tubercle -> articulates with a facet on the transverse
process
1) square spinous processes (moose)
2) large in size
What are 3 characteristics that can be used to identify 3) kidney shaped bodies
lumbar vertebrae?
rootlets —> roots —> spinal nerve (made up of anterior
and posterior roots; short segment passing through the
intervertebral foramen) —> rami (primary branching of
the spinal nerve)
Describe the organization of spinal nerves from the spinal
cord.
Contains atterent/sensory fibres from skin, subcutaneous
What type of nerve fibres do the posterior roots contain?
and deep tissues, and viscera.
What type of nerve fibres do the anterior roots contain? Contains etterent/motor fibres to skeletal muscle.
Deep back muscles and sensory to overlying skin (rami
What do the posterior rami innervate?
have a mix of motor/sensory fibres).
Explain the organization of the meninges.
, 1) Dura mater: most superficial and the strongest of the
meninges
2) Arachnoid mater: intermediate meningeal layer,
pressed against the dura mater in vivo by the pressure of
CSF in the subarachnoid space
3) Pia mater: deepest meningeal layer, surrounds the
spinal cord
Projections extending from the pia mater to the dura
What are denticulate ligaments?
mater
Space between the dura mater and the bony vertebrae.
What is the epidural space?
Innervate muscles and skin associated with the upper limb
What do the anterior rami innervate?
and trunk.
The medullary cone is the term used to denote the end of
the spinal cord (at ~ L2).
What is the medullary cone (conus medullaris)? What is
the filum terminale? The filum terminale is the connective tissue (pia) strand
extending from the medullary cone to the inner aspect of
the dural sac (ends at ~ S2).
Each intervertebral foramen is formed from the inferior
vertebral notch of the superior vertebrae and the superior
vertebral notch of the inferior vertebrae.
What makes up the intervertebral foramen? What passes Spinal nerves pass through the intervertebral foramina.
through this opening?
1) bifid spinous process
2) foramen of the transverse process (for passage of the
cervical artery)
3) triangular shaped vertebral foramen
What are 3 characteristics that can be used to identify
cervical vertebrae?
1) long spinous processes (giratte)
2) facets for articulation with the ribs
3) heart shaped vertebral bodies
What are 3 characteristics that can be used to identify
thoracic vertebrae?
Where does the head of the rib articulate on thoracic
vertebrae? The tubercle of the rib?
, Head -> articulates with a demi-facet on the vertebral
body
Tubercle -> articulates with a facet on the transverse
process
1) square spinous processes (moose)
2) large in size
What are 3 characteristics that can be used to identify 3) kidney shaped bodies
lumbar vertebrae?
rootlets —> roots —> spinal nerve (made up of anterior
and posterior roots; short segment passing through the
intervertebral foramen) —> rami (primary branching of
the spinal nerve)
Describe the organization of spinal nerves from the spinal
cord.
Contains atterent/sensory fibres from skin, subcutaneous
What type of nerve fibres do the posterior roots contain?
and deep tissues, and viscera.
What type of nerve fibres do the anterior roots contain? Contains etterent/motor fibres to skeletal muscle.
Deep back muscles and sensory to overlying skin (rami
What do the posterior rami innervate?
have a mix of motor/sensory fibres).
Explain the organization of the meninges.
, 1) Dura mater: most superficial and the strongest of the
meninges
2) Arachnoid mater: intermediate meningeal layer,
pressed against the dura mater in vivo by the pressure of
CSF in the subarachnoid space
3) Pia mater: deepest meningeal layer, surrounds the
spinal cord
Projections extending from the pia mater to the dura
What are denticulate ligaments?
mater
Space between the dura mater and the bony vertebrae.
What is the epidural space?
Innervate muscles and skin associated with the upper limb
What do the anterior rami innervate?
and trunk.
The medullary cone is the term used to denote the end of
the spinal cord (at ~ L2).
What is the medullary cone (conus medullaris)? What is
the filum terminale? The filum terminale is the connective tissue (pia) strand
extending from the medullary cone to the inner aspect of
the dural sac (ends at ~ S2).
