EXAM 4 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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etiology- candida albicans, trich, N. gonnorhea, DM, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, ABX
CM- thick/white discharge, red, itching, malodorous/purulent discharge, painful urination and
sex
what is the pathophysiology of bartholinitis, etiology, and clinical manifestations? - CORRECT
ANSWER-patho- inflammation of batholin glands due to bacteria= gonorrhea
etiology- bacteria/abscess formation
CM- tender and swollen, edema at vaginal opening, purulent drainage duct orifice, fever,
malaise
What is the pathophysiology uterine leiomyomas (fibroids), etiology, and clinical
manifestations ? - CORRECT ANSWER-patho- benign fibroid growth
etiology- estrogen and high influence tumor formation most common in premenopausal women
CM- abd pain and pressure, vaginal bleeding and discharge, backache, constipation, urinary
frequency/urgency, prevents pregnancy and carrying to term
,what is the pathophysiology of ovarian cysts, etiology and the clinical manifestations ? -
CORRECT ANSWER-patho- sacs on ovary containing fluid or semisolid material
etiology- idiopathic
CM- can be asymptomatic, commonly seen in reproductive years, may increase or decrease in
size with menstrual cycle, large cysts can cause pain, can rupture and bleed
what is the pathophysiology of endometriosis, and the etiology ? - CORRECT ANSWER-patho-
endometrial tissue outside lining of uterus, endometrium implants within pelvis, most common
in ovary, oviduct, peritoneum of cul-de-sac
etiology- transportation= endo tissue backflows durinf period
metaplasia=inflammation triggers tissue to convert
induction= combo of both "most likely"
what is the clinical manifestations of endometriosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-CM- dysmenorrhea,
abd pain into vagina, posterior pelvic, back , dyspareunia, painful defecation
what is the pathophysiology cervical cancer, etiology, clinical manifestations ? - CORRECT
ANSWER-patho- growth in cervical area
etiology- HPV, sex at young age or multiple partners, multiple pregnancies, HSV2 or other STDS
CM- vaginal bleeding, persistent vaginal discharge, pain/bleeding after sex.
prevention=gardasil vaccine
what is the pathophysiology of endometrial cancer, etiology, and clinical manifestations ? -
CORRECT ANSWER-patho- cancer in endometrial lining
etiology- abnormal or cancerous cells in endometrial lining
CM- bleeding between periods, postmenopausal bleeding
RF- obesity, DM, infertility, late menopause, HTN, long term estrogen use
Unopposed estrogen-estrogen therapy alone without progesterone
, what is the pathophysiology of vaginal cancer and the clinical manifestations ? - CORRECT
ANSWER-patho- cancer in vagina
etiology- cancer cells in vagina
CM- vaginal spotting, discharge, pain, groin masses, urinary pattern changes,
RF- EARLY-MID FIFTIES
What is the pathophysiology of vulvar cancer and the clinical manifestations? - CORRECT
ANSWER-patho- Abnormal cancer cells in vulva
CM- leukoplakic changes , vulva masses
What is the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer, the diagnosis, and clinical manifestations ? -
CORRECT ANSWER-patho- leading cause of genital cancer, cancer in ovaries
DX- difficult to dx b/c they are so deep in pelvis, mortality rate is high
CM- increased abd girth, weightloss, abd pain, dysuria, constipation, symptoms are not found
until late disease
RF- PEACK ICNIDENCE IN 60-80Y/O
What is the pathophysiology of fibrocystic breast disease and the clinical manifestations ? -
CORRECT ANSWER-patho- group of lesions in breast
CM- firm, irregular shape, mobile mass, painful and tender
what is the pathophysiology of specific benign neoplasms and the clinical manifestations ? -
CORRECT ANSWER-patho- encapsulated mass and freely moveable, fibroadenomas, adenomas,
papillomas
CM- freely moveable and palpable
what is the pathophysiology of breast cancer, and the etiology? - CORRECT ANSWER-patho-
hormonal changes
galen
questions and verified correct
answers 100% guaranteed pass
latest 2026-2027
etiology- candida albicans, trich, N. gonnorhea, DM, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, ABX
CM- thick/white discharge, red, itching, malodorous/purulent discharge, painful urination and
sex
what is the pathophysiology of bartholinitis, etiology, and clinical manifestations? - CORRECT
ANSWER-patho- inflammation of batholin glands due to bacteria= gonorrhea
etiology- bacteria/abscess formation
CM- tender and swollen, edema at vaginal opening, purulent drainage duct orifice, fever,
malaise
What is the pathophysiology uterine leiomyomas (fibroids), etiology, and clinical
manifestations ? - CORRECT ANSWER-patho- benign fibroid growth
etiology- estrogen and high influence tumor formation most common in premenopausal women
CM- abd pain and pressure, vaginal bleeding and discharge, backache, constipation, urinary
frequency/urgency, prevents pregnancy and carrying to term
,what is the pathophysiology of ovarian cysts, etiology and the clinical manifestations ? -
CORRECT ANSWER-patho- sacs on ovary containing fluid or semisolid material
etiology- idiopathic
CM- can be asymptomatic, commonly seen in reproductive years, may increase or decrease in
size with menstrual cycle, large cysts can cause pain, can rupture and bleed
what is the pathophysiology of endometriosis, and the etiology ? - CORRECT ANSWER-patho-
endometrial tissue outside lining of uterus, endometrium implants within pelvis, most common
in ovary, oviduct, peritoneum of cul-de-sac
etiology- transportation= endo tissue backflows durinf period
metaplasia=inflammation triggers tissue to convert
induction= combo of both "most likely"
what is the clinical manifestations of endometriosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-CM- dysmenorrhea,
abd pain into vagina, posterior pelvic, back , dyspareunia, painful defecation
what is the pathophysiology cervical cancer, etiology, clinical manifestations ? - CORRECT
ANSWER-patho- growth in cervical area
etiology- HPV, sex at young age or multiple partners, multiple pregnancies, HSV2 or other STDS
CM- vaginal bleeding, persistent vaginal discharge, pain/bleeding after sex.
prevention=gardasil vaccine
what is the pathophysiology of endometrial cancer, etiology, and clinical manifestations ? -
CORRECT ANSWER-patho- cancer in endometrial lining
etiology- abnormal or cancerous cells in endometrial lining
CM- bleeding between periods, postmenopausal bleeding
RF- obesity, DM, infertility, late menopause, HTN, long term estrogen use
Unopposed estrogen-estrogen therapy alone without progesterone
, what is the pathophysiology of vaginal cancer and the clinical manifestations ? - CORRECT
ANSWER-patho- cancer in vagina
etiology- cancer cells in vagina
CM- vaginal spotting, discharge, pain, groin masses, urinary pattern changes,
RF- EARLY-MID FIFTIES
What is the pathophysiology of vulvar cancer and the clinical manifestations? - CORRECT
ANSWER-patho- Abnormal cancer cells in vulva
CM- leukoplakic changes , vulva masses
What is the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer, the diagnosis, and clinical manifestations ? -
CORRECT ANSWER-patho- leading cause of genital cancer, cancer in ovaries
DX- difficult to dx b/c they are so deep in pelvis, mortality rate is high
CM- increased abd girth, weightloss, abd pain, dysuria, constipation, symptoms are not found
until late disease
RF- PEACK ICNIDENCE IN 60-80Y/O
What is the pathophysiology of fibrocystic breast disease and the clinical manifestations ? -
CORRECT ANSWER-patho- group of lesions in breast
CM- firm, irregular shape, mobile mass, painful and tender
what is the pathophysiology of specific benign neoplasms and the clinical manifestations ? -
CORRECT ANSWER-patho- encapsulated mass and freely moveable, fibroadenomas, adenomas,
papillomas
CM- freely moveable and palpable
what is the pathophysiology of breast cancer, and the etiology? - CORRECT ANSWER-patho-
hormonal changes
