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4:09:33Microbiology.p
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Portage Learning Microbiology Exam #1
Single cell (bacteria, archaeons, fungi, protozoa, algae)
Microorganism
Not living, not considered microorganisms, considered microbes
Virus
Include microorganisms and viruses, can be advantageous or harmful
Microbes
Smallest, most basic biological unit of life
Cell
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Learning Microbiology.pdf10/20/2026,
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4:09:33Microbiology.p
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Macromolecules (building bloacks)
All cells are compromised of
Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides
Four main types of macromolecules found ing cells
Comprised of amino acids, facilitate movement of materials, act as enzymes to
speed up biochemical processes, structural role
Proteins
Way proteins are formed by varying combinations, 20 different kinds
Amino Acid
has its own unique sequence of amino acids
Each protein
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Learning Microbiology.pdf10/20/2026,
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Learning Microbiology.pdf10/20/2026,
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4:09:33Microbiology.p
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human body cannot produce them, they must be taken in from the environment
through other sources (food you eat)
Essential Amino Acids
chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell
Nucleic Acid
DNA and RNA
Two types of nucleic acids
deoxyribonucleic acid, contains vast amount of hereditary info and is responsible
for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms, made from nucleotides
DNA
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Learning Microbiology.pdf10/20/2026,
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4:09:33Microbiology.p
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Learning Microbiology.pdf10/20/2026,
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4:09:33Microbiology.p
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ribonucleic acid, responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA
and using it to synthesize proteins
RNA
Yes
Can DNA and RNA be found in the nucleus?
Only RNA. DNA is highly compact in the nucleus
Can DNA and RNA leave the nucleus?
Nitrogenous base, sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group
Three parts of a nucleotide
Adenine or guanine (purine bases) and cytosine or thymine (pyrimidine bases)
Four kinds of nitrogenous bases
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Learning Microbiology.pdf10/20/2026,
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4:09:33Microbiology.p
AM
Portage Learning Microbiology Exam #1
Single cell (bacteria, archaeons, fungi, protozoa, algae)
Microorganism
Not living, not considered microorganisms, considered microbes
Virus
Include microorganisms and viruses, can be advantageous or harmful
Microbes
Smallest, most basic biological unit of life
Cell
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Learning Microbiology.pdf10/20/2026,
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4:09:33Microbiology.p
AM
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Learning Microbiology.pdf10/20/2026,
Learning
4:09:33Microbiology.p
AM
Macromolecules (building bloacks)
All cells are compromised of
Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides
Four main types of macromolecules found ing cells
Comprised of amino acids, facilitate movement of materials, act as enzymes to
speed up biochemical processes, structural role
Proteins
Way proteins are formed by varying combinations, 20 different kinds
Amino Acid
has its own unique sequence of amino acids
Each protein
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Learning Microbiology.pdf10/20/2026,
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4:09:33Microbiology.p
AM
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Learning Microbiology.pdf10/20/2026,
Learning
4:09:33Microbiology.p
AM
human body cannot produce them, they must be taken in from the environment
through other sources (food you eat)
Essential Amino Acids
chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell
Nucleic Acid
DNA and RNA
Two types of nucleic acids
deoxyribonucleic acid, contains vast amount of hereditary info and is responsible
for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms, made from nucleotides
DNA
??????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oPortage
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Learning Microbiology.pdf10/20/2026,
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4:09:33Microbiology.p
AM
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Learning Microbiology.pdf10/20/2026,
Learning
4:09:33Microbiology.p
AM
ribonucleic acid, responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA
and using it to synthesize proteins
RNA
Yes
Can DNA and RNA be found in the nucleus?
Only RNA. DNA is highly compact in the nucleus
Can DNA and RNA leave the nucleus?
Nitrogenous base, sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group
Three parts of a nucleotide
Adenine or guanine (purine bases) and cytosine or thymine (pyrimidine bases)
Four kinds of nitrogenous bases
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