10/20/2026, 4:10:55 AMPage
Page11ofof1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 1 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
and
andMolecular
MolecularBiology_
Biology_PCR,
PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial
MicrobialGrowth,
Biology_
Growth,Genetics,
Genetics,
PCR, Microbial
and
andViruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Growth, Genetics, and
4:09:33
4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
AM
AM 4:09:33 AM
lizzie_santanaa Teacher
Terms in this set (83)
What is the biological function of They provide both the necessary nucleotide
deoxynucleoside triphosphates building blocks and the energy required for new
(dNTPs) in a PCR master mix? strand synthesis.
What will happen if a laboratory Primers will be physically unable to form stable
technician sets the annealing hydrogen bonds with the template DNA.
temperature of a PCR cycle to 78°C
instead of the optimal 55°C?
Page 1 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 1 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 1 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
and Molecular Biology_ PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial Biology_
Growth, Genetics,
PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial
and Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Biology_
Growth, Genetics,
PCR, Microbial
and4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Growth,
AMGenetics, and4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
AM 4:09:33 AM
,10/20/2026, 4:10:55 AMPage
Page22ofof1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 2 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
and
andMolecular
MolecularBiology_
Biology_PCR,
PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial
MicrobialGrowth,
Biology_
Growth,Genetics,
Genetics,
PCR, Microbial
and
andViruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Growth, Genetics, and
4:09:33
4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
AM
AM 4:09:33 AM
How many copies of a target 16 copies
double-stranded DNA fragment
will ideally be present after 4
complete cycles of exponential
amplification starting with 2
copies?
What is the fundamental purpose of To rapidly synthesize millions of copies of a
utilizing a Polymerase Chain highly specific, targeted region of DNA from a
Reaction (PCR) assay in diagnostic minuscule starting sample.
medicine and molecular biology?
What gives DNA its uniform The repeating phosphate groups along the
negative charge during agarose gel backbone.
electrophoresis?
From what type of environment was A hyperthermophilic deep-sea hydrothermal
the heat-stable DNA polymerase vent or hot spring.
known as 'Taq' originally isolated?
Page 2 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 2 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 2 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
and Molecular Biology_ PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial Biology_
Growth, Genetics,
PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial
and Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Biology_
Growth, Genetics,
PCR, Microbial
and4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Growth,
AMGenetics, and4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
AM 4:09:33 AM
, 10/20/2026, 4:10:55 AMPage
Page33ofof1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 3 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
and
andMolecular
MolecularBiology_
Biology_PCR,
PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial
MicrobialGrowth,
Biology_
Growth,Genetics,
Genetics,
PCR, Microbial
and
andViruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Growth, Genetics, and
4:09:33
4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
AM
AM 4:09:33 AM
What is the standard sequence of High heat (denaturation) -> Low heat (annealing)
temperature shifts during a single -> Moderate heat (extension).
conventional PCR cycle?
What must occur during the An enzyme converts the viral RNA template into
specialized preliminary step of a stable complementary DNA (cDNA) strand.
Reverse-Transcription PCR (RT-
PCR) before standard thermal
cycling begins?
What would happen if a researcher The reaction will generate non-specific
designs PCR primers that are amplification, yielding many unexpected bands
completely complementary to of varying sizes on an agarose gel.
random regions across a bacterial
genome?
Page 3 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 3 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 3 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
and Molecular Biology_ PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial Biology_
Growth, Genetics,
PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial
and Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Biology_
Growth, Genetics,
PCR, Microbial
and4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Growth,
AMGenetics, and4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
AM 4:09:33 AM
Page11ofof1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 1 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
and
andMolecular
MolecularBiology_
Biology_PCR,
PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial
MicrobialGrowth,
Biology_
Growth,Genetics,
Genetics,
PCR, Microbial
and
andViruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Growth, Genetics, and
4:09:33
4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
AM
AM 4:09:33 AM
lizzie_santanaa Teacher
Terms in this set (83)
What is the biological function of They provide both the necessary nucleotide
deoxynucleoside triphosphates building blocks and the energy required for new
(dNTPs) in a PCR master mix? strand synthesis.
What will happen if a laboratory Primers will be physically unable to form stable
technician sets the annealing hydrogen bonds with the template DNA.
temperature of a PCR cycle to 78°C
instead of the optimal 55°C?
Page 1 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 1 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 1 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
and Molecular Biology_ PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial Biology_
Growth, Genetics,
PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial
and Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Biology_
Growth, Genetics,
PCR, Microbial
and4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Growth,
AMGenetics, and4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
AM 4:09:33 AM
,10/20/2026, 4:10:55 AMPage
Page22ofof1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 2 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
and
andMolecular
MolecularBiology_
Biology_PCR,
PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial
MicrobialGrowth,
Biology_
Growth,Genetics,
Genetics,
PCR, Microbial
and
andViruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Growth, Genetics, and
4:09:33
4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
AM
AM 4:09:33 AM
How many copies of a target 16 copies
double-stranded DNA fragment
will ideally be present after 4
complete cycles of exponential
amplification starting with 2
copies?
What is the fundamental purpose of To rapidly synthesize millions of copies of a
utilizing a Polymerase Chain highly specific, targeted region of DNA from a
Reaction (PCR) assay in diagnostic minuscule starting sample.
medicine and molecular biology?
What gives DNA its uniform The repeating phosphate groups along the
negative charge during agarose gel backbone.
electrophoresis?
From what type of environment was A hyperthermophilic deep-sea hydrothermal
the heat-stable DNA polymerase vent or hot spring.
known as 'Taq' originally isolated?
Page 2 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 2 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 2 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
and Molecular Biology_ PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial Biology_
Growth, Genetics,
PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial
and Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Biology_
Growth, Genetics,
PCR, Microbial
and4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Growth,
AMGenetics, and4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
AM 4:09:33 AM
, 10/20/2026, 4:10:55 AMPage
Page33ofof1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 3 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
and
andMolecular
MolecularBiology_
Biology_PCR,
PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial
MicrobialGrowth,
Biology_
Growth,Genetics,
Genetics,
PCR, Microbial
and
andViruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Growth, Genetics, and
4:09:33
4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
AM
AM 4:09:33 AM
What is the standard sequence of High heat (denaturation) -> Low heat (annealing)
temperature shifts during a single -> Moderate heat (extension).
conventional PCR cycle?
What must occur during the An enzyme converts the viral RNA template into
specialized preliminary step of a stable complementary DNA (cDNA) strand.
Reverse-Transcription PCR (RT-
PCR) before standard thermal
cycling begins?
What would happen if a researcher The reaction will generate non-specific
designs PCR primers that are amplification, yielding many unexpected bands
completely complementary to of varying sizes on an agarose gel.
random regions across a bacterial
genome?
Page 3 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 3 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 3 of 1910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
and Molecular Biology_ PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial Biology_
Growth, Genetics,
PCR,
and Molecular
Microbial
and Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Biology_
Growth, Genetics,
PCR, Microbial
and4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Growth,
AMGenetics, and4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
AM 4:09:33 AM
