Comprehensive Medical-Surgical Nursing Review Respiratory, Cardiac, Endocrine, and
Inflammatory Disorders questions and answers 100% verified
What is the pathophysiology of asthma? - -Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by
reversible airway obstruction due to inflammation and sensitivity to triggers.
What are common triggers for asthma? - -Triggers include smoking, allergens, cold
weather, seasonal allergies, pets, and exercise.
What symptoms may indicate an asthma attack? - -Symptoms include shortness of breath
(SOB), chest tightness, coughing, wheezing, increased mucus production, and use of accessory
muscles.
What does a green zone indicate in asthma management? - -The green zone indicates
well-controlled asthma, where the patient is taking inhalers as prescribed.
What should be done in the yellow zone of asthma management? - -In the yellow zone,
the patient should be proactive and may need to use albuterol or steroids.
What does the red zone indicate in asthma management? - -The red zone indicates a
need for hospitalization due to severe symptoms.
What are the first-line medications for asthma? - -First-line medications include
bronchodilators (short-acting beta 2 agonists like albuterol) and corticosteroids.
What is the pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism? - -Pulmonary embolism occurs
when a blood clot blocks pulmonary blood flow, preventing gas exchange.
,What are common risk factors for pulmonary embolism? - -Risk factors include deep vein
thrombosis (DVT), atrial fibrillation (A-fib), and decreased blood flow.
What are the key assessment findings in pulmonary embolism? - -Key findings include
dyspnea, chest pain, cough with hemoptysis, tachycardia, and signs of hypoxemia.
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism? - -The gold standard
is pulmonary angiography.
What medications are used to treat pulmonary embolism? - -Medications include
anticoagulants like heparin and warfarin, and fibrinolytic drugs.
What is the pathophysiology of COPD? - -COPD includes emphysema and chronic
bronchitis, leading to airflow obstruction and impaired gas exchange.
What are the main causes of COPD? - -The primary cause of COPD is smoking, along with
occupational exposures and age.
What are common assessment findings in COPD? - -Findings include dyspnea, wheezing,
barrel chest, cyanosis, and clubbing.
What is the primary nursing intervention for COPD? - -Airway management is the most
important nursing intervention.
What is the pathophysiology of pneumonia? - -Pneumonia occurs when fluid traps in the
lungs, often due to infection that the immune system cannot overcome.
, What are common risk factors for pneumonia? - -Risk factors include aspiration, older
age, unvaccinated status, and exposure to respiratory infections.
What are key assessment findings in pneumonia? - -Findings include chest pain, cough,
fever, tachycardia, and dyspnea.
What is the first priority in nursing care for pneumonia? - -The first priority is to sit the
patient upright to avoid airway obstruction.
What is the pathophysiology of anemia? - -Anemia is characterized by a decrease in
hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cells.
What are common causes of anemia? - -Causes include GI bleeding, iron deficiency,
excessive bleeding, and bone marrow diseases.
What are common assessment findings in anemia? - -Findings include weakness, fatigue,
pallor, and exertional dyspnea.
What is the first priority in nursing care for anemia? - -The first priority is to provide
oxygen and rest for the patient.
What is C. diff and its pathophysiology? - -C. diff is a superinfection that destroys normal
bowel flora, leading to moderate to severe diarrhea.
What are common risk factors for C. diff infection? - -Risk factors include recent antibiotic
use, older age, and weakened immune systems.
Inflammatory Disorders questions and answers 100% verified
What is the pathophysiology of asthma? - -Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by
reversible airway obstruction due to inflammation and sensitivity to triggers.
What are common triggers for asthma? - -Triggers include smoking, allergens, cold
weather, seasonal allergies, pets, and exercise.
What symptoms may indicate an asthma attack? - -Symptoms include shortness of breath
(SOB), chest tightness, coughing, wheezing, increased mucus production, and use of accessory
muscles.
What does a green zone indicate in asthma management? - -The green zone indicates
well-controlled asthma, where the patient is taking inhalers as prescribed.
What should be done in the yellow zone of asthma management? - -In the yellow zone,
the patient should be proactive and may need to use albuterol or steroids.
What does the red zone indicate in asthma management? - -The red zone indicates a
need for hospitalization due to severe symptoms.
What are the first-line medications for asthma? - -First-line medications include
bronchodilators (short-acting beta 2 agonists like albuterol) and corticosteroids.
What is the pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism? - -Pulmonary embolism occurs
when a blood clot blocks pulmonary blood flow, preventing gas exchange.
,What are common risk factors for pulmonary embolism? - -Risk factors include deep vein
thrombosis (DVT), atrial fibrillation (A-fib), and decreased blood flow.
What are the key assessment findings in pulmonary embolism? - -Key findings include
dyspnea, chest pain, cough with hemoptysis, tachycardia, and signs of hypoxemia.
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism? - -The gold standard
is pulmonary angiography.
What medications are used to treat pulmonary embolism? - -Medications include
anticoagulants like heparin and warfarin, and fibrinolytic drugs.
What is the pathophysiology of COPD? - -COPD includes emphysema and chronic
bronchitis, leading to airflow obstruction and impaired gas exchange.
What are the main causes of COPD? - -The primary cause of COPD is smoking, along with
occupational exposures and age.
What are common assessment findings in COPD? - -Findings include dyspnea, wheezing,
barrel chest, cyanosis, and clubbing.
What is the primary nursing intervention for COPD? - -Airway management is the most
important nursing intervention.
What is the pathophysiology of pneumonia? - -Pneumonia occurs when fluid traps in the
lungs, often due to infection that the immune system cannot overcome.
, What are common risk factors for pneumonia? - -Risk factors include aspiration, older
age, unvaccinated status, and exposure to respiratory infections.
What are key assessment findings in pneumonia? - -Findings include chest pain, cough,
fever, tachycardia, and dyspnea.
What is the first priority in nursing care for pneumonia? - -The first priority is to sit the
patient upright to avoid airway obstruction.
What is the pathophysiology of anemia? - -Anemia is characterized by a decrease in
hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cells.
What are common causes of anemia? - -Causes include GI bleeding, iron deficiency,
excessive bleeding, and bone marrow diseases.
What are common assessment findings in anemia? - -Findings include weakness, fatigue,
pallor, and exertional dyspnea.
What is the first priority in nursing care for anemia? - -The first priority is to provide
oxygen and rest for the patient.
What is C. diff and its pathophysiology? - -C. diff is a superinfection that destroys normal
bowel flora, leading to moderate to severe diarrhea.
What are common risk factors for C. diff infection? - -Risk factors include recent antibiotic
use, older age, and weakened immune systems.
