,NUR 2392 Exam 1 | Multidimensional Care II (2026)
Actual Q&A PDF | Rasmussen University
1. Which characteristic is associated with benign tumors but not malignant tumors?
A) Anaplasia
B) Aneuploidy
C) Specific morphology
D) Loose adherence
Correct Answer: Specific morphology
Rationale: Benign tumor cells retain specific morphology, meaning they resemble the
tissues from which they originated, and they exhibit orderly growth and tight adherence.
Malignant cells demonstrate anaplasia, aneuploidy, loose adherence, migration, and loss of
contact inhibition.
2. During which step of carcinogenesis does repeated exposure to a carcinogen enhance cell
growth and lead to mutation?
A) Initiation
B) Promotion
C) Progression
D) Metastasis
Correct Answer: Promotion
Rationale: Initiation is the irreversible initial damage to cellular DNA. Promotion involves
repeated exposure to a promoter that enhances cell growth and leads to mutation.
,Progression involves increased production of malignant cells, and metastasis is the
movement of cells from the primary site.
3. Which risk factor for cancer is considered non-modifiable?
A) Tobacco use
B) Alcohol consumption
C) Genetic predisposition
D) Diet high in processed foods
Correct Answer: Genetic predisposition
Rationale: Genetic predisposition, age, race, and family history are non-modifiable risk
factors for cancer. Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and dietary factors are modifiable
lifestyle risks that can be changed to reduce cancer risk.
4. Using the CAUTION mnemonic for cancer warning signs, which finding corresponds to
the letter “U”?
A) Unusual bleeding or discharge
B) Unrelenting fatigue
C) Unexplained weight gain
D) Unilateral swelling
Correct Answer: Unusual bleeding or discharge
Rationale: The CAUTION mnemonic stands for Change in bowel or bladder habits, A sore
that does not heal, Unusual bleeding or discharge, Thickening or lump, Indigestion or
difficulty swallowing, Obvious change in a wart or mole, and Nagging cough or hoarseness.
Unusual bleeding or discharge is the correct warning sign for “U.”
, 5. A tumor is staged as T4, N3, M0. How should the nurse interpret this staging?
A) Small tumor with no node involvement and distant metastasis
B) Large tumor with significant node involvement but no distant metastasis
C) Tumor invading nearby structures with no node involvement and distant metastasis
D) Carcinoma in situ with minimal node involvement and no metastasis
Correct Answer: Large tumor with significant node involvement but no distant
metastasis
Rationale: In TNM staging, T4 indicates a large or locally invasive primary tumor, N3
indicates significant regional lymph node involvement, and M0 indicates no distant
metastasis. T4, N3, M0 therefore describes a large tumor with extensive node involvement
but without distant spread.
6. Which statement best distinguishes cancer grading from cancer staging?
A) Grading describes tumor spread, while staging describes cell differentiation
B) Grading describes cell differentiation, while staging describes tumor spread
C) Grading and staging are interchangeable terms
D) Grading is used only for benign tumors, while staging is used only for malignant tumors
Correct Answer: Grading describes cell differentiation, while staging describes tumor
spread
Rationale: Grading evaluates how closely tumor cells resemble normal cells and how
rapidly they divide, reflecting differentiation. Staging describes the size of the primary
tumor, lymph node involvement, and presence of metastasis. The two terms are not
interchangeable, and both apply to malignant tumors.
Actual Q&A PDF | Rasmussen University
1. Which characteristic is associated with benign tumors but not malignant tumors?
A) Anaplasia
B) Aneuploidy
C) Specific morphology
D) Loose adherence
Correct Answer: Specific morphology
Rationale: Benign tumor cells retain specific morphology, meaning they resemble the
tissues from which they originated, and they exhibit orderly growth and tight adherence.
Malignant cells demonstrate anaplasia, aneuploidy, loose adherence, migration, and loss of
contact inhibition.
2. During which step of carcinogenesis does repeated exposure to a carcinogen enhance cell
growth and lead to mutation?
A) Initiation
B) Promotion
C) Progression
D) Metastasis
Correct Answer: Promotion
Rationale: Initiation is the irreversible initial damage to cellular DNA. Promotion involves
repeated exposure to a promoter that enhances cell growth and leads to mutation.
,Progression involves increased production of malignant cells, and metastasis is the
movement of cells from the primary site.
3. Which risk factor for cancer is considered non-modifiable?
A) Tobacco use
B) Alcohol consumption
C) Genetic predisposition
D) Diet high in processed foods
Correct Answer: Genetic predisposition
Rationale: Genetic predisposition, age, race, and family history are non-modifiable risk
factors for cancer. Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and dietary factors are modifiable
lifestyle risks that can be changed to reduce cancer risk.
4. Using the CAUTION mnemonic for cancer warning signs, which finding corresponds to
the letter “U”?
A) Unusual bleeding or discharge
B) Unrelenting fatigue
C) Unexplained weight gain
D) Unilateral swelling
Correct Answer: Unusual bleeding or discharge
Rationale: The CAUTION mnemonic stands for Change in bowel or bladder habits, A sore
that does not heal, Unusual bleeding or discharge, Thickening or lump, Indigestion or
difficulty swallowing, Obvious change in a wart or mole, and Nagging cough or hoarseness.
Unusual bleeding or discharge is the correct warning sign for “U.”
, 5. A tumor is staged as T4, N3, M0. How should the nurse interpret this staging?
A) Small tumor with no node involvement and distant metastasis
B) Large tumor with significant node involvement but no distant metastasis
C) Tumor invading nearby structures with no node involvement and distant metastasis
D) Carcinoma in situ with minimal node involvement and no metastasis
Correct Answer: Large tumor with significant node involvement but no distant
metastasis
Rationale: In TNM staging, T4 indicates a large or locally invasive primary tumor, N3
indicates significant regional lymph node involvement, and M0 indicates no distant
metastasis. T4, N3, M0 therefore describes a large tumor with extensive node involvement
but without distant spread.
6. Which statement best distinguishes cancer grading from cancer staging?
A) Grading describes tumor spread, while staging describes cell differentiation
B) Grading describes cell differentiation, while staging describes tumor spread
C) Grading and staging are interchangeable terms
D) Grading is used only for benign tumors, while staging is used only for malignant tumors
Correct Answer: Grading describes cell differentiation, while staging describes tumor
spread
Rationale: Grading evaluates how closely tumor cells resemble normal cells and how
rapidly they divide, reflecting differentiation. Staging describes the size of the primary
tumor, lymph node involvement, and presence of metastasis. The two terms are not
interchangeable, and both apply to malignant tumors.
