Human Anatomy Physiology Amerman 2019 Complete Questions and Verified Answers

Human Anatomy and Physiology Amerman 2026 Test Bank | Exam Ready A+ Scored Anatomy - answer - The study of structure Physiology - answer - The study of function Microscopic Anatomy - answer - Structures that require the aid of a microscope Gross Anatomy - answer - Structures that can be examined without a microscope; otherwise seen with the naked eye Anatomical Position - answer - The body is erect and facing forward; with the arms straight and at the sides of the body, palms facing forward; and feet slightly apart with toes pointing forward Homeostasis - answer - The maintenance of the body's stable internal environment. Levels Of Organization (Smallest to Largest) - answer - Atom, Molecule, Macromolecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism Anterior (Ventral) - answer - Toward the front Ex) The palms are on the ventral side of the body. Ex) The esophagus is ventral to the spinal cord. Posterior (Dorsal) - answer - Toward the back Ex) The occipital bone is on the posterior cranium (skull). Ex) The spinal cord is posterior to the esophagus. Superior (Cranial) - answer - Toward the head Ex) The nose is superior to the mouth. Ex) The neck is superior to the chest. Inferior (Caudal) - answer - Toward the tail Ex) The nose is inferior to the forehead. Ex) The umbilicus (belly button) is inferior to the chest. Proximal - answer - Closer to the point of origin (generally the trunk) Ex) The knee is proximal to the ankle. Ex) The shoulder is proximal to the elbow. Distal - answer - Farther away from the point of origin (generally the trunk) Ex) The foot is distal to the hip. Ex) The wrist is distal to the elbow. Medial - answer - Closer to the midline of the body or a body part; on the inner side of Ex) The ear is medial to the shoulder. Ex) The index finger is medial to the thumb. Lateral - answer - Farther away from the midline of the body or a body part; on the outer side of Ex) The shoulder is lateral to the chest. Ex) The thumb is lateral to the index finger. Superficial - answer - Closer to the surface Ex) The skin is superficial to the muscle. Ex) Muscle is superficial to bone. Deep - answer - Farther below the surface Ex) Bone is deep to the skin. Ex) Bone is deep to muscle. Sagittal Plane - answer - Divides the body or body part into right and left sections. Frontal Plane (aka Coronal Plane) - answer - Divides the body or body part into anterior and posterior sections. Transverse Plane (aka Horizontal Plane or Cross Section) - answer - Divides the body or body part into superior and inferior parts. Also divides appendicular region into proximal and distal parts. What are the three body planes? - answer - Sagittal, Frontal, Transverse What are the two major cavities in the body? - answer - Dorsal (aka Posterior) Ventral (aka Anterior) body cavities The Thoracic Cavity - answer - Houses the Mediastinum (middle cavity), which contains the heart (Pericardial Cavity), Thymus Gland, Trachea, Esophagus, & some Lymph Nodes, Pleural Cavities (right/left cavities)-contains the lungs Integumentary System - answer - Includes skin, hair, nails, and cutaneous glands providing protection, water retention, regulate body temp, and produce vitamin D Skeletal System - answer - Includes the bones and joints which support the body protecting internal organs providing leverage for movement, produces blood cells, stores calcium Muscular System - answer - Includes skeletal muscles which produce movement, control body openings, and generates heat Nervous System - answer - Includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves Rapid internal communication, coordination, motor control and sensation Endocrine System - answer - Includes pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries hormone production; internal chemical communication and coordination Cardiovascular System - answer - Includes the heart and blood vessels Distribution of nutrien