THE
INIRCDUCTION
TOANATOM
anatomical
langnage
anatomical
piane
P1SA
medianpianemNa saaittal piane
not necessarily right
through middleN
the
Coronal piane
front and back
transverse piane
bottomandto p
obligue
af anangie
comparative term
Superjor : craníal Mp
inferior caudar dowini superior
anterior ventral front poste rior
Posterior : dorsal back
medral piane near
median to laterale anterior
1Ate ral farther from medianpiane
prox(mal
proxrmal : nearto trunk
distal Fartherfromtrunk
•
distal
superfiaai: near
to surface
deep surfacefarther from: inferior
dors um
surtace anatomy
cervical CI ---
dorsai
C7:
orfoot:
part ofhand
surface
-
thoracic : TI T12
Inmbar: LI L5
sacral : SI S5
, head. neck
thorax
boundaries
majorbodyreqions
bodn reqionslv
of
head --
clavicle
clavicle
diaphra@m
1DCOAMT
abdomen diaphragm mínguinal ligament
upper limb s capuia
lower limb qinteal region ( mínimus.maxímus.
medins
LA 13013
Abdominalboundaries
riaht left
hypochondrium epigasttinm hupochondrium
right left
lnmbar nmbilical lumbar
right left BLINNTO
ílrac fossaA hypogastrium fossa ilac
20i57E0 LAYE
IVSE
LOETOA
riant left NSTASO
upper Mpper EMON
gnadrant Quadrant
riaht left
lower lower
aohsgnadrant quadrant 0H0NE1SAZAA
40011 IN8T0A20XL0DOH9NN8
,Skelcton
protect organ movement haemo
poesis Storage Saits
.
J
platelet RBC.BC.
bone
vascuiarhighly tissnelivina
-
mature rupes of Haversian) bone
compact Strona. dense
sponqu dense.
withlegs air spaces
core
bone exceptrepiacedby medularycavity forms of
(lignter.movement)
-
cartilage
flexibie
Obraín nutrients and02 fromdiffusion
tupes
hualines articniarcartilage In joints. rinasaround
trachea
fibro infervertebral discs. baul andSocket
elastic externalear.epiqlottis
head
greater
trochanter neck
2 largeilínm
greater pelvis betmeen bone
inquinal
trochanter fesser liqament
lesserpelvis Pubic oeep
bone
femur
protectedinnominate bone
( hip bone)by
fiatter. wider in female
. -
clinical relevance
ostedporosis
agtnq. bonemass
decrease 1h
fracture of femurneck hip replacement
bloodSupplypoorfncom
piete repair necrotic
otherbonefractuvebreakwill berepaired by reieasing faitor
fro mbiood
clot caicifred callus jorn piecestogether
, ^poqthe
are
THEBONES
The
bones
any
In
humanthe
of
body.
our
vital
4 protect
206
rigid
to
addition that
organs
the
playing
as
such
organs,the
brain,
the
form
of
and
which
heart.
lungs,
is
The
the
skeleton,
crucial
role the framew
the
are
bones
bone
supporting
body,
also
for
used
alo
inthe
for
They participate
actively
movements
body'sby
providing
minerals
and
storing while
the
fats, bone the
anchoragemuscles.
for
pointsmost
the
of
producesblood
cells.
body's marrow
skeleton of14bones
iscomposed The
facial
Facialbones
Cranium
The
cranium
houses
and athe
forms
protects
enclosure
rigid
brain.
It that
comprises
thatare
knitted with
together, theexception 8bones
solid
connected
together
byextremely
sutures.
jointscalled
ofthemandible.
Mandible
The
onlymobile
facial
bone,
our
tochew
us
themandible
allows
foodand
speak. Scapula
Clavicle
sapsnw
pue
'sauoq
's)ujo!
ayl
Sternum
Humerus rib to sternum
costalcartilage: conneci
Thoracic
cage Rib(12pairs)
Thethoracic isabone
cage structure
made
of12pairsofribs,12thoracic and
vertebrae,
thesternum.
It houses
and thechest
protects
organs,
(thorax) theheart
notably andlungs.
Radius
Sacrum
Ulna
pubis Vertebra
Hand
bones (33vertebrae)
The
hand 27bones,
contains
divided
intothree
separate iSchium CDCLYx
thecarpus
regions: (the8wrist
themetacarpus
bones), (the
bonesofthepalm)andthe
(the14fingerbones).
phalanxes
Femur Illac bone(ileum)
The is theonly
femur Thetwoiliac bones
inthethigh.
bone make
upthemajority
ofthepelvis.
Patella
VARYING
SIZES
OF BONES
Tibla Footbones
The26bones
The
longest,heaviest
bonein theskeleton
comprising
thehuman is thefemur,
body ofthefootare
divided
which accounts
alone for amongthreeregions:
thetarsus
(the7bones
person's of
one-quarter a Fibula attheback
ofthefoot),
themetatarsus
(the
height.The smallest
isthe 5bonesinthesole
inthe
stirrup, located ofthefoot), and Spinalcolumn
innerear,which measures
a thephalanxes®
(the14toebones). Thespinal isaset
column of
mere #sinches (4 mm). bones
that
extend of
composed33
the
from vertebral
tothe
skull the
l
pelvis. as
acts
torso.head
for
support
Inaddition
and
it encloses
and
protects
Front
view
ofthe
skeleton thespinalcord.
94
INIRCDUCTION
TOANATOM
anatomical
langnage
anatomical
piane
P1SA
medianpianemNa saaittal piane
not necessarily right
through middleN
the
Coronal piane
front and back
transverse piane
bottomandto p
obligue
af anangie
comparative term
Superjor : craníal Mp
inferior caudar dowini superior
anterior ventral front poste rior
Posterior : dorsal back
medral piane near
median to laterale anterior
1Ate ral farther from medianpiane
prox(mal
proxrmal : nearto trunk
distal Fartherfromtrunk
•
distal
superfiaai: near
to surface
deep surfacefarther from: inferior
dors um
surtace anatomy
cervical CI ---
dorsai
C7:
orfoot:
part ofhand
surface
-
thoracic : TI T12
Inmbar: LI L5
sacral : SI S5
, head. neck
thorax
boundaries
majorbodyreqions
bodn reqionslv
of
head --
clavicle
clavicle
diaphra@m
1DCOAMT
abdomen diaphragm mínguinal ligament
upper limb s capuia
lower limb qinteal region ( mínimus.maxímus.
medins
LA 13013
Abdominalboundaries
riaht left
hypochondrium epigasttinm hupochondrium
right left
lnmbar nmbilical lumbar
right left BLINNTO
ílrac fossaA hypogastrium fossa ilac
20i57E0 LAYE
IVSE
LOETOA
riant left NSTASO
upper Mpper EMON
gnadrant Quadrant
riaht left
lower lower
aohsgnadrant quadrant 0H0NE1SAZAA
40011 IN8T0A20XL0DOH9NN8
,Skelcton
protect organ movement haemo
poesis Storage Saits
.
J
platelet RBC.BC.
bone
vascuiarhighly tissnelivina
-
mature rupes of Haversian) bone
compact Strona. dense
sponqu dense.
withlegs air spaces
core
bone exceptrepiacedby medularycavity forms of
(lignter.movement)
-
cartilage
flexibie
Obraín nutrients and02 fromdiffusion
tupes
hualines articniarcartilage In joints. rinasaround
trachea
fibro infervertebral discs. baul andSocket
elastic externalear.epiqlottis
head
greater
trochanter neck
2 largeilínm
greater pelvis betmeen bone
inquinal
trochanter fesser liqament
lesserpelvis Pubic oeep
bone
femur
protectedinnominate bone
( hip bone)by
fiatter. wider in female
. -
clinical relevance
ostedporosis
agtnq. bonemass
decrease 1h
fracture of femurneck hip replacement
bloodSupplypoorfncom
piete repair necrotic
otherbonefractuvebreakwill berepaired by reieasing faitor
fro mbiood
clot caicifred callus jorn piecestogether
, ^poqthe
are
THEBONES
The
bones
any
In
humanthe
of
body.
our
vital
4 protect
206
rigid
to
addition that
organs
the
playing
as
such
organs,the
brain,
the
form
of
and
which
heart.
lungs,
is
The
the
skeleton,
crucial
role the framew
the
are
bones
bone
supporting
body,
also
for
used
alo
inthe
for
They participate
actively
movements
body'sby
providing
minerals
and
storing while
the
fats, bone the
anchoragemuscles.
for
pointsmost
the
of
producesblood
cells.
body's marrow
skeleton of14bones
iscomposed The
facial
Facialbones
Cranium
The
cranium
houses
and athe
forms
protects
enclosure
rigid
brain.
It that
comprises
thatare
knitted with
together, theexception 8bones
solid
connected
together
byextremely
sutures.
jointscalled
ofthemandible.
Mandible
The
onlymobile
facial
bone,
our
tochew
us
themandible
allows
foodand
speak. Scapula
Clavicle
sapsnw
pue
'sauoq
's)ujo!
ayl
Sternum
Humerus rib to sternum
costalcartilage: conneci
Thoracic
cage Rib(12pairs)
Thethoracic isabone
cage structure
made
of12pairsofribs,12thoracic and
vertebrae,
thesternum.
It houses
and thechest
protects
organs,
(thorax) theheart
notably andlungs.
Radius
Sacrum
Ulna
pubis Vertebra
Hand
bones (33vertebrae)
The
hand 27bones,
contains
divided
intothree
separate iSchium CDCLYx
thecarpus
regions: (the8wrist
themetacarpus
bones), (the
bonesofthepalm)andthe
(the14fingerbones).
phalanxes
Femur Illac bone(ileum)
The is theonly
femur Thetwoiliac bones
inthethigh.
bone make
upthemajority
ofthepelvis.
Patella
VARYING
SIZES
OF BONES
Tibla Footbones
The26bones
The
longest,heaviest
bonein theskeleton
comprising
thehuman is thefemur,
body ofthefootare
divided
which accounts
alone for amongthreeregions:
thetarsus
(the7bones
person's of
one-quarter a Fibula attheback
ofthefoot),
themetatarsus
(the
height.The smallest
isthe 5bonesinthesole
inthe
stirrup, located ofthefoot), and Spinalcolumn
innerear,which measures
a thephalanxes®
(the14toebones). Thespinal isaset
column of
mere #sinches (4 mm). bones
that
extend of
composed33
the
from vertebral
tothe
skull the
l
pelvis. as
acts
torso.head
for
support
Inaddition
and
it encloses
and
protects
Front
view
ofthe
skeleton thespinalcord.
94
