CMN 568 MODULE 3 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
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CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS ||
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1. asthma is characterized by... - ANSWER ✔ - REVERSIBLE airflow
limitation
- airway inflammation
- bronchoconstriction
2. patho of asthma - ANSWER ✔ - airway inflammatory cell inflammation
with eosinophils, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes (T cells)
- this causes goblet cell hyperplasia
- mucus then plugs small airways
- hypertrophy of bronchial submucosa
- mast cell activation and denudation of airway epithelium
3. strongest predictor of asthma - ANSWER ✔ atopy
4. atopy definition - ANSWER ✔ genetic tendency to develop allergic
disease
5. atopic triad (asthma triad) - ANSWER ✔ - eczema
- allergic rhinitis
- asthma
6. main symptoms of asthma - ANSWER ✔ - symptoms worse at night of in
early AM
- prolonged expiration and diffuse wheezing
- reversibility of airflow obstruction either spontaneously or after
bronchodilator tx
,7. asthma hospitalization rates are highest in.... - ANSWER ✔ - blacks
- children
8. allergen asthma triggers - ANSWER ✔ - roaches
- dustmites
- cat dander
- seasonal pollen
9. what medications are asthma triggers? - ANSWER ✔ - ASA
- NSAIDs
- Tartrazine dyes
10.catamenial asthma - ANSWER ✔ in women, occurs at predictable times
during menstrual cycle
11.exercise induced bronchoconstriction - ANSWER ✔ happens during
exercise or within 3 minutes after it ends; peaks within 10-15min; resolves
by 60min after
12.cardiac asthma - ANSWER ✔ wheezing due to decompensated HF
13.nonspecific asthma precipitants - ANSWER ✔ - exercise
- URI/rhinosinusitis
- postnasal drip
- GERD
- stress
- exposure to cold air
14.what population is at risk for TB? - ANSWER ✔ - foreign born minorities
- lower socioeconomic classes
- crowded housing
- HIV
- multi-drug resistant
- health care workers
15.pathophysiological process that occurs in 2-8 weeks after TB
exposure/infection - ANSWER ✔ - macrophages ingest and surround
tubercle bacilli
, - cells form a barrier shell/ granuloma to keep bacilli contained and
under control (LTBI)
- if immune system cant keep the tubercle under control, the bacilli
multiply rapidly in body (TB Disease)
16.when can LTBI be detected? - ANSWER ✔ 2-8 weeks after infection via
TST or IGRA
17.what confirms TB diagnosis? - ANSWER ✔ Positive M. tb culture
18.what is MDR TB? - ANSWER ✔ - multidrug resistant TB
- caused by bacteria resistant to best TB drugs (isoniazid and rifampin)
19.what is XDR TB? - ANSWER ✔ - extensively drug-resistant TB
- caused by organisms resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, and
fluoroquinolones, and >1 of the 3 injectable second-line drugs
20.when should reading of TST be done? - ANSWER ✔ 48-72hr after test
21.how to administer TST - ANSWER ✔ - inject 0.1mL of PPD (5 tuberculin
units) into forearm between skin layers
- produce raised wheal 6-10mm in diameter
22.What are the 3 characteristics of Asthma - ANSWER ✔
Bronchoconstriction
Airway Inflammation
Reversible airflow limitation
23.Which inhaled anticholinergic is best used for asthma pt. w/an intolerance to
beta agonist or w/ bronchospasms due to beta blocker meds? - ANSWER
✔ Ipratropium Bromide
24.What is the primary tx for pt. w/moderate to severe asthma exacerbations
who do not respond promptly and completely to SABA? - ANSWER ✔
Systemic Corticosteroids
25.Which bacterial infections predispose exacerbations of asthma - ANSWER
✔ M. Pneumoniae and C. Pneumoniae
, 26.Is routine use of antimicrobials recommended for acute exacerbations of
asthma - ANSWER ✔ No, only use when likelihood of acute bacterial
respiratory tract infection
27.Name short acting beta agonist - ANSWER ✔ albuterol, levalbuterol,
bitolerol, pirbuterol, terbutaline
28.What does a SABA do? - ANSWER ✔ acts directly by relaxing bronchial
smooth muscles.
29.What do long-term pharmacologic agents accomplish for asthma pt. -
ANSWER ✔ act primarily to attenuate airway inflammation.
30.Why take long-term pharmacologic agents for asthma daily? - ANSWER
✔ to achieve and maintain control of persistent asthma independent of
symptoms.
31.What does the NAEPP recommend as the cornerstone of daily treatment of
persistent asthma? - ANSWER ✔ daily anti-inflammatory therapy with
inhaled corticosteroids
32.Role of corticosteroids with asthma - ANSWER ✔ Reduce inflammation
(acute and chronic) = improved airflow, decreased airway hyper-
responsiveness and fewer asthma exacerbations, and potentiate the action of
beta-adrenergic agonist.
33.1st. line treatment agent for all pt w/persistent asthma (long term controller)
- ANSWER ✔ Inhaled Corticosteroids
34.How often to most patient use inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWER ✔
Twice daily to provide adequate control.
35.How long can it take to see maximum response of inhaled corticosterioids? -
ANSWER ✔ Months
36.What can a patient do to reduce side effects of inhaled corticosteroids? -
ANSWER ✔ Rinse mouth after each use
2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
1. asthma is characterized by... - ANSWER ✔ - REVERSIBLE airflow
limitation
- airway inflammation
- bronchoconstriction
2. patho of asthma - ANSWER ✔ - airway inflammatory cell inflammation
with eosinophils, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes (T cells)
- this causes goblet cell hyperplasia
- mucus then plugs small airways
- hypertrophy of bronchial submucosa
- mast cell activation and denudation of airway epithelium
3. strongest predictor of asthma - ANSWER ✔ atopy
4. atopy definition - ANSWER ✔ genetic tendency to develop allergic
disease
5. atopic triad (asthma triad) - ANSWER ✔ - eczema
- allergic rhinitis
- asthma
6. main symptoms of asthma - ANSWER ✔ - symptoms worse at night of in
early AM
- prolonged expiration and diffuse wheezing
- reversibility of airflow obstruction either spontaneously or after
bronchodilator tx
,7. asthma hospitalization rates are highest in.... - ANSWER ✔ - blacks
- children
8. allergen asthma triggers - ANSWER ✔ - roaches
- dustmites
- cat dander
- seasonal pollen
9. what medications are asthma triggers? - ANSWER ✔ - ASA
- NSAIDs
- Tartrazine dyes
10.catamenial asthma - ANSWER ✔ in women, occurs at predictable times
during menstrual cycle
11.exercise induced bronchoconstriction - ANSWER ✔ happens during
exercise or within 3 minutes after it ends; peaks within 10-15min; resolves
by 60min after
12.cardiac asthma - ANSWER ✔ wheezing due to decompensated HF
13.nonspecific asthma precipitants - ANSWER ✔ - exercise
- URI/rhinosinusitis
- postnasal drip
- GERD
- stress
- exposure to cold air
14.what population is at risk for TB? - ANSWER ✔ - foreign born minorities
- lower socioeconomic classes
- crowded housing
- HIV
- multi-drug resistant
- health care workers
15.pathophysiological process that occurs in 2-8 weeks after TB
exposure/infection - ANSWER ✔ - macrophages ingest and surround
tubercle bacilli
, - cells form a barrier shell/ granuloma to keep bacilli contained and
under control (LTBI)
- if immune system cant keep the tubercle under control, the bacilli
multiply rapidly in body (TB Disease)
16.when can LTBI be detected? - ANSWER ✔ 2-8 weeks after infection via
TST or IGRA
17.what confirms TB diagnosis? - ANSWER ✔ Positive M. tb culture
18.what is MDR TB? - ANSWER ✔ - multidrug resistant TB
- caused by bacteria resistant to best TB drugs (isoniazid and rifampin)
19.what is XDR TB? - ANSWER ✔ - extensively drug-resistant TB
- caused by organisms resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, and
fluoroquinolones, and >1 of the 3 injectable second-line drugs
20.when should reading of TST be done? - ANSWER ✔ 48-72hr after test
21.how to administer TST - ANSWER ✔ - inject 0.1mL of PPD (5 tuberculin
units) into forearm between skin layers
- produce raised wheal 6-10mm in diameter
22.What are the 3 characteristics of Asthma - ANSWER ✔
Bronchoconstriction
Airway Inflammation
Reversible airflow limitation
23.Which inhaled anticholinergic is best used for asthma pt. w/an intolerance to
beta agonist or w/ bronchospasms due to beta blocker meds? - ANSWER
✔ Ipratropium Bromide
24.What is the primary tx for pt. w/moderate to severe asthma exacerbations
who do not respond promptly and completely to SABA? - ANSWER ✔
Systemic Corticosteroids
25.Which bacterial infections predispose exacerbations of asthma - ANSWER
✔ M. Pneumoniae and C. Pneumoniae
, 26.Is routine use of antimicrobials recommended for acute exacerbations of
asthma - ANSWER ✔ No, only use when likelihood of acute bacterial
respiratory tract infection
27.Name short acting beta agonist - ANSWER ✔ albuterol, levalbuterol,
bitolerol, pirbuterol, terbutaline
28.What does a SABA do? - ANSWER ✔ acts directly by relaxing bronchial
smooth muscles.
29.What do long-term pharmacologic agents accomplish for asthma pt. -
ANSWER ✔ act primarily to attenuate airway inflammation.
30.Why take long-term pharmacologic agents for asthma daily? - ANSWER
✔ to achieve and maintain control of persistent asthma independent of
symptoms.
31.What does the NAEPP recommend as the cornerstone of daily treatment of
persistent asthma? - ANSWER ✔ daily anti-inflammatory therapy with
inhaled corticosteroids
32.Role of corticosteroids with asthma - ANSWER ✔ Reduce inflammation
(acute and chronic) = improved airflow, decreased airway hyper-
responsiveness and fewer asthma exacerbations, and potentiate the action of
beta-adrenergic agonist.
33.1st. line treatment agent for all pt w/persistent asthma (long term controller)
- ANSWER ✔ Inhaled Corticosteroids
34.How often to most patient use inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWER ✔
Twice daily to provide adequate control.
35.How long can it take to see maximum response of inhaled corticosterioids? -
ANSWER ✔ Months
36.What can a patient do to reduce side effects of inhaled corticosteroids? -
ANSWER ✔ Rinse mouth after each use
