TESOL Comprehensive Exam | Questions & Verified Answers
Plyer v. Doe (1982) Ensured undocumented children could attend public schools. (State can not deny
public education)
-Texas at the time was attempting to block education to illegal immigrants
Bilingual Education Act (1968) Federal Funding for Bilingual Education
No Child Left Behind (2001) -Keeps states accountability
-Replaced the Bilingual Ed Act
-Title III is focused on English Acquistition
Bilingual Ed. program types -English-Immersion
-Submersion
-Transitional
-Developmental
-Two-way Immersion
-Heritage Language
Transitional Bilingual Education (TBE) -a bilingual model
-L1 used temporary, then phased out
-quick transitions to English
Developmental Bilingual Education Programs -a bilingual model
-Promotes full bilingualism
-Supports LONG-TERM development for both L1 & L2
Dual-Language (Two-way Immersion) Programs English and L1 at once
-Two languages at same time
-Bilinugal program
Heritage Language Programs -Aim to maintain or revive ancestral languages
-Outside mainstream bilingual models
English Immersion Model -English-only approach
-Instruction only in English
-minimal support
Submersion Model -Sink-or-swim
-No Support at all
-Expected to learn through exposure alone
Goals of Bilingual Education 1. English Proficiency
2. Academic Achievement
3. Bi-literacy
Assimilationist -promotes English-only
-blends in with culture
Plualist -Supports linguistic diversity
Research on the effectiveness of bilingual programs -Dual-language & Developmental bilingual program= more success long-term
Grade A+ | Updated
, TESOL Comprehensive Exam | Questions & Verified Answers
English-only a movement that promotes use of only English
English-plus Supports multilingualism
Why is Advocacy important in Bilingual Ed.? -Supports equity
-diverse resources
-Culturally responsive practives
Simultaneous Bilingualism Two-languages learned at the same time (usually from birth)
Sequential Bilingualism One language is learned, then another
Additive Bilingualism L2 is learned without losing L1
Subtractive Bilingualism L1 is replaced by L2
What are the factors that affect language maintenance, -Societal Support
shift or loss? -Family Practices
Standard Varieties of language Schools priviledge standard forms
Non-standard varietes of language -looked down upon in some schools
Why should we support linguistic diversity? -enhances cognition
-builds students sense of self
-Cross cultural understanding for all students
Multilingual repertoires flexible use of multiple languages in different contexts
How can schools support bilingualism and bi-literacy? Dual-language and maintenance programs
Key social processes in language and culture -Integration
-Segregation
-Assimilation
-Acculturation
Assimilationist discourse promotes comformity
Grade A+ | Updated
Plyer v. Doe (1982) Ensured undocumented children could attend public schools. (State can not deny
public education)
-Texas at the time was attempting to block education to illegal immigrants
Bilingual Education Act (1968) Federal Funding for Bilingual Education
No Child Left Behind (2001) -Keeps states accountability
-Replaced the Bilingual Ed Act
-Title III is focused on English Acquistition
Bilingual Ed. program types -English-Immersion
-Submersion
-Transitional
-Developmental
-Two-way Immersion
-Heritage Language
Transitional Bilingual Education (TBE) -a bilingual model
-L1 used temporary, then phased out
-quick transitions to English
Developmental Bilingual Education Programs -a bilingual model
-Promotes full bilingualism
-Supports LONG-TERM development for both L1 & L2
Dual-Language (Two-way Immersion) Programs English and L1 at once
-Two languages at same time
-Bilinugal program
Heritage Language Programs -Aim to maintain or revive ancestral languages
-Outside mainstream bilingual models
English Immersion Model -English-only approach
-Instruction only in English
-minimal support
Submersion Model -Sink-or-swim
-No Support at all
-Expected to learn through exposure alone
Goals of Bilingual Education 1. English Proficiency
2. Academic Achievement
3. Bi-literacy
Assimilationist -promotes English-only
-blends in with culture
Plualist -Supports linguistic diversity
Research on the effectiveness of bilingual programs -Dual-language & Developmental bilingual program= more success long-term
Grade A+ | Updated
, TESOL Comprehensive Exam | Questions & Verified Answers
English-only a movement that promotes use of only English
English-plus Supports multilingualism
Why is Advocacy important in Bilingual Ed.? -Supports equity
-diverse resources
-Culturally responsive practives
Simultaneous Bilingualism Two-languages learned at the same time (usually from birth)
Sequential Bilingualism One language is learned, then another
Additive Bilingualism L2 is learned without losing L1
Subtractive Bilingualism L1 is replaced by L2
What are the factors that affect language maintenance, -Societal Support
shift or loss? -Family Practices
Standard Varieties of language Schools priviledge standard forms
Non-standard varietes of language -looked down upon in some schools
Why should we support linguistic diversity? -enhances cognition
-builds students sense of self
-Cross cultural understanding for all students
Multilingual repertoires flexible use of multiple languages in different contexts
How can schools support bilingualism and bi-literacy? Dual-language and maintenance programs
Key social processes in language and culture -Integration
-Segregation
-Assimilation
-Acculturation
Assimilationist discourse promotes comformity
Grade A+ | Updated
