Liquid Propellants and Combustion | Fundamentals and Classifications
Liquid rocket engines burn propellants, which thermal energy
undergo chemical reactions to convert the stored
chemical energy into:
A liquid propellant can be one of these three things. Oxidizer, fuel, monopropellant
A liquid propellant that is a combination of a fuel and Monopropellant
an oxidizer.
In this type of engine, two different liquid propellants Bipropellant
(oxidizer and fuel) are stored separately and, when
needed, are injected into the thrust chamber.
In this type of engine, a single propellant releases Monopropellant
energy without needing to be mixed with another
propellant. This often happens in the presence of a
catalyst.
Propellants that can be stored in the liquid form at Earth storable propellants
room temperature for an extended period of time.
Ammonia is an example of a/an ___ storable space
propellant.
These propulsive performance parameters depend on Specific impulse, characteristic velocity
the mixture ratio, chamber temperature, pressure
ratio, specific heat, and molecular weight of the
propellant.
This propellant delivers a specific impulse Kerosene
considerably less than cryogenic fuels, but it is
generally better than hypergolic propellants.
Generally, to attain high performance, the chemical high
energy content per unit mass of propellant should be
as ___ as possible because this leads to high chamber
temperature.
___ molecular weight products contribute to Low
performance and as such it is usually achieved via
operation at a fuel-rich condition.
The ratio of the density of the propellant to that of Specific gravity
water.
A higher specific gravity corresponds to a/an ___ denser
propellant.
Grade A+ | Updated
, Liquid Propellants and Combustion | Fundamentals and Classifications
What is the advantage of denser propellants? They require less storage space
The product of the specific gravity of the propellant Density specific impulse
mixture times the specific impulse.
This refers to the ability of a propellant to maintain Propellant stability
quantity and composition under various conditions
without degradation.
This refers to the ability of a propellant to maintain Long-term stability
quantity and composition during storage over long
periods of time (10-15 years).
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes by a/an ___ per few percent
year, even in clean storage tanks.
Cryogenic propellants can evaporate by ___ per day. 5-20%
This refers to the ability of a propellant to maintain Thermal stability
its composition under conditions of applied heat.
In this type of cooling system, a propellant is Regenerative cooling system
circulated through the hot cooling channels around
the side walls of the thrust chamber.
What are the two classes of propellant pairs? Hypergolic, nonhypergolic
Propellant pairs that, when mixed, ignite Hypergolic pairs
spontaneously.
Propellant pairs that require an external stimulus to Nonhypergolic
start the burning process.
For small satellites, it is desirable to eliminate the hypergolic
ignition system by using ___ propellants.
Many of this type of fuel are readily available at low Hydrocarbons
cost, especially those that are already being used in
automotive and aircraft applications such as
gasoline, kerosene, jet fuels, and diesel oil.
This class of fuels is refined from crude oils and has Hydrocarbons
a variety of properties depending on the chemical
processes used during the refinery phase.
Grade A+ | Updated
Liquid rocket engines burn propellants, which thermal energy
undergo chemical reactions to convert the stored
chemical energy into:
A liquid propellant can be one of these three things. Oxidizer, fuel, monopropellant
A liquid propellant that is a combination of a fuel and Monopropellant
an oxidizer.
In this type of engine, two different liquid propellants Bipropellant
(oxidizer and fuel) are stored separately and, when
needed, are injected into the thrust chamber.
In this type of engine, a single propellant releases Monopropellant
energy without needing to be mixed with another
propellant. This often happens in the presence of a
catalyst.
Propellants that can be stored in the liquid form at Earth storable propellants
room temperature for an extended period of time.
Ammonia is an example of a/an ___ storable space
propellant.
These propulsive performance parameters depend on Specific impulse, characteristic velocity
the mixture ratio, chamber temperature, pressure
ratio, specific heat, and molecular weight of the
propellant.
This propellant delivers a specific impulse Kerosene
considerably less than cryogenic fuels, but it is
generally better than hypergolic propellants.
Generally, to attain high performance, the chemical high
energy content per unit mass of propellant should be
as ___ as possible because this leads to high chamber
temperature.
___ molecular weight products contribute to Low
performance and as such it is usually achieved via
operation at a fuel-rich condition.
The ratio of the density of the propellant to that of Specific gravity
water.
A higher specific gravity corresponds to a/an ___ denser
propellant.
Grade A+ | Updated
, Liquid Propellants and Combustion | Fundamentals and Classifications
What is the advantage of denser propellants? They require less storage space
The product of the specific gravity of the propellant Density specific impulse
mixture times the specific impulse.
This refers to the ability of a propellant to maintain Propellant stability
quantity and composition under various conditions
without degradation.
This refers to the ability of a propellant to maintain Long-term stability
quantity and composition during storage over long
periods of time (10-15 years).
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes by a/an ___ per few percent
year, even in clean storage tanks.
Cryogenic propellants can evaporate by ___ per day. 5-20%
This refers to the ability of a propellant to maintain Thermal stability
its composition under conditions of applied heat.
In this type of cooling system, a propellant is Regenerative cooling system
circulated through the hot cooling channels around
the side walls of the thrust chamber.
What are the two classes of propellant pairs? Hypergolic, nonhypergolic
Propellant pairs that, when mixed, ignite Hypergolic pairs
spontaneously.
Propellant pairs that require an external stimulus to Nonhypergolic
start the burning process.
For small satellites, it is desirable to eliminate the hypergolic
ignition system by using ___ propellants.
Many of this type of fuel are readily available at low Hydrocarbons
cost, especially those that are already being used in
automotive and aircraft applications such as
gasoline, kerosene, jet fuels, and diesel oil.
This class of fuels is refined from crude oils and has Hydrocarbons
a variety of properties depending on the chemical
processes used during the refinery phase.
Grade A+ | Updated
