HSC 343 Clinical Pharmacology Final
Exam Questions With Correct Answers
Insulin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--is necessary for glucose uptake into
| | | | | | | | |
cells
-All are clear except for NPH which is cloudy
| | | | | | | |
-Observe patient closely after it is administered
| | | | | |
-Protect vials from heat and cold. DO NOT SHAKE , roll between hands
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
and invert end- to-end
| | |
-20% - 80% of dosage may adhere to glass or plastic tubing and bottle.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Albumin is added to prevent this adherence.
| | | | | |
-Important aspect of control is diet therapy
| | | | | |
-causes hypokalemia|
-Long-acting at night is first choice. | | | | |
-Short-term drugs at meal-time | | |
signs and symptoms of insulin overdose/ toxicity - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔--hypoglycemia (weakness, sweating, headache, ↑ HR, | | | | | |
anxiety, tremor, mental/visual disturbances)
| | |
-All due to release of epinephrine, and hypokalemia (it drives K+ from
| | | | | | | | | | | |
serum into cells)
| |
,insulin overdose treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Loss on
| | | | | | |
consciousness/Convulsion use Glucagon | |
-Patient should have CHO promptly if conscious e.g. orange juice, lump
| | | | | | | | | | |
of sugar, candy
| | |
-Use IV glucose if in hospital
| | | | |
insulin glargine (Toujeo, Lantus) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--ultra-long
| | | | | | |
acting
-onset: 1 hour | |
-duration: 24 hours | |
-cannot be given IV | | |
-Long-acting. Used for adults and children with type 1 DM, or type 2 DM
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
patients needing a long-acting one. Injected SC once daily at bedtime—
| | | | | | | | | | |
or twice daily at same times each day. Beware of hypoglycemia! Do not
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
give IV, do not mix with others.
| | | | | |
insulin lispro (Humalog) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--onset: 15-30 minutes
| | | | | | |
-duration: 3-6 hours | |
-can be given IV
| | |
-rapid acting |
-Similar to aspart - for short-term glucose management. Usually used
| | | | | | | | | |
with a long-acting or intermediate-acting prep.
| | | | | |
, •Knocks down post-prandial glucose
| | |
•Taken within 10-20 min of a meal
| | | | | |
absorbance from different anatomical sites - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--
| | | | | | |
greatest from abdomen>arm>thigh>hip
| |
-recent study has concluded the difference in sites is negligible
| | | | | | | | |
-The body takes up insulin differently depending on where it is injected.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Insulin is taken up fastest when injected into the subcutaneous tissue in
| | | | | | | | | | | |
the abdomen (stomach), and somewhat less quickly in the upper arms,
| | | | | | | | | | |
thighs, and buttocks/hips.
| |
-You can use the difference in rates to plan where you're going to inject
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
your insulin. For example, rapid-onset insulin can be injected into your
| | | | | | | | | | |
abdomen just before or right after you eat a meal to take advantage of
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
the abdomen's fast rate. NPH insulin can be injected into a different site
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(arms, thighs, or buttocks), to take advantage of the slower rate while
| | | | | | | | | | | |
you sleep.
|
-Exercise can also affect the rate. If the diabetic plans to play basketball
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
after injecting, for example, choose a site other than the
| | | | | | | | |
shooting/dribbling arm, since injecting there can increase the rate.
| | | | | | | | | |
(Note: If you prefer to inject near a part of your body that you'll be using
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
when exercising, wait at least 45 minutes after injecting before starting
| | | | | | | | | | | |
activity.)
mixing insulins - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--draw up short-acting, then
| | | | | | | |
intermediate-acting, then long-acting | |
Exam Questions With Correct Answers
Insulin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--is necessary for glucose uptake into
| | | | | | | | |
cells
-All are clear except for NPH which is cloudy
| | | | | | | |
-Observe patient closely after it is administered
| | | | | |
-Protect vials from heat and cold. DO NOT SHAKE , roll between hands
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
and invert end- to-end
| | |
-20% - 80% of dosage may adhere to glass or plastic tubing and bottle.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Albumin is added to prevent this adherence.
| | | | | |
-Important aspect of control is diet therapy
| | | | | |
-causes hypokalemia|
-Long-acting at night is first choice. | | | | |
-Short-term drugs at meal-time | | |
signs and symptoms of insulin overdose/ toxicity - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔--hypoglycemia (weakness, sweating, headache, ↑ HR, | | | | | |
anxiety, tremor, mental/visual disturbances)
| | |
-All due to release of epinephrine, and hypokalemia (it drives K+ from
| | | | | | | | | | | |
serum into cells)
| |
,insulin overdose treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Loss on
| | | | | | |
consciousness/Convulsion use Glucagon | |
-Patient should have CHO promptly if conscious e.g. orange juice, lump
| | | | | | | | | | |
of sugar, candy
| | |
-Use IV glucose if in hospital
| | | | |
insulin glargine (Toujeo, Lantus) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--ultra-long
| | | | | | |
acting
-onset: 1 hour | |
-duration: 24 hours | |
-cannot be given IV | | |
-Long-acting. Used for adults and children with type 1 DM, or type 2 DM
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
patients needing a long-acting one. Injected SC once daily at bedtime—
| | | | | | | | | | |
or twice daily at same times each day. Beware of hypoglycemia! Do not
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
give IV, do not mix with others.
| | | | | |
insulin lispro (Humalog) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--onset: 15-30 minutes
| | | | | | |
-duration: 3-6 hours | |
-can be given IV
| | |
-rapid acting |
-Similar to aspart - for short-term glucose management. Usually used
| | | | | | | | | |
with a long-acting or intermediate-acting prep.
| | | | | |
, •Knocks down post-prandial glucose
| | |
•Taken within 10-20 min of a meal
| | | | | |
absorbance from different anatomical sites - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--
| | | | | | |
greatest from abdomen>arm>thigh>hip
| |
-recent study has concluded the difference in sites is negligible
| | | | | | | | |
-The body takes up insulin differently depending on where it is injected.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Insulin is taken up fastest when injected into the subcutaneous tissue in
| | | | | | | | | | | |
the abdomen (stomach), and somewhat less quickly in the upper arms,
| | | | | | | | | | |
thighs, and buttocks/hips.
| |
-You can use the difference in rates to plan where you're going to inject
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
your insulin. For example, rapid-onset insulin can be injected into your
| | | | | | | | | | |
abdomen just before or right after you eat a meal to take advantage of
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
the abdomen's fast rate. NPH insulin can be injected into a different site
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(arms, thighs, or buttocks), to take advantage of the slower rate while
| | | | | | | | | | | |
you sleep.
|
-Exercise can also affect the rate. If the diabetic plans to play basketball
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
after injecting, for example, choose a site other than the
| | | | | | | | |
shooting/dribbling arm, since injecting there can increase the rate.
| | | | | | | | | |
(Note: If you prefer to inject near a part of your body that you'll be using
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
when exercising, wait at least 45 minutes after injecting before starting
| | | | | | | | | | | |
activity.)
mixing insulins - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--draw up short-acting, then
| | | | | | | |
intermediate-acting, then long-acting | |
