BIOL 385 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE AND PRACTICE
QUESTIONS 2026/2027
CH 1:
Define Physiology - Correct answer✅✅ study of normal functions of a living organism & it's
component parts
Levels of organization from atoms to the biosphere - Correct answer✅✅ Atoms --> molecules --> cells
--> tissues --> organs --> organ systems --> organism --> population --> ecosystem --> biosphere
Define homeostasis - Correct answer✅✅ maintaining the body's stable internal environment
What does failure of homeostasis lead to? - Correct answer✅✅ Illness
Name/describe the two major compartments of the human body - Correct answer✅✅ 1. Extracellular
fluid - plasma and intrastitial
2. Intracellular fluid - inside cells
Distinguish between equilibrium and steady state - Correct answer✅✅ E: assuming body composition
are all equal
SS: composition is relatively stable, dynamic but no NET movement
Explain local control - Correct answer✅✅ Control that stays in the same region, usually tissues
*Restricted*
Explain long-distance control - Correct answer✅✅ Control that travels across body
Explain reflex control - Correct answer✅✅ ANY local control that involves the nervous or endocrine
system
, Explain negative feedback (ie) - Correct answer✅✅ Response that stops the signal (most)
Explain positive feedback (ie) - Correct answer✅✅ Response that reinforces the signal (oxytocin)
Explain feed-forward control (ie) - Correct answer✅✅ Stimulus and response occur in *anticipation*
of the change (salivation)
CH 5:
Explain simple diffusion - Correct answer✅✅ - passive (no energy, down gradient)
- as temp INC., diffusion INC
- as size INC, diffusin DEC
Explain the two types of protein-mediated transport - Correct answer✅✅ 1. Facilitated Diffusion
- move hydrophobic, charged particles
- channels/carrier
2. Active Transport
- AGAINST GRADIENT
- pumps
*Both use proteins*
Explain vesicular transport - Correct answer✅✅ "transport in/out through vesicles"
i.e. - endocytosis, exocytosis, phagocytosis
Define specificity and explain in carrier-mediated transport - Correct answer✅✅ ability of transporter
to move only one molecule type
GLUT only transports glucose
QUESTIONS 2026/2027
CH 1:
Define Physiology - Correct answer✅✅ study of normal functions of a living organism & it's
component parts
Levels of organization from atoms to the biosphere - Correct answer✅✅ Atoms --> molecules --> cells
--> tissues --> organs --> organ systems --> organism --> population --> ecosystem --> biosphere
Define homeostasis - Correct answer✅✅ maintaining the body's stable internal environment
What does failure of homeostasis lead to? - Correct answer✅✅ Illness
Name/describe the two major compartments of the human body - Correct answer✅✅ 1. Extracellular
fluid - plasma and intrastitial
2. Intracellular fluid - inside cells
Distinguish between equilibrium and steady state - Correct answer✅✅ E: assuming body composition
are all equal
SS: composition is relatively stable, dynamic but no NET movement
Explain local control - Correct answer✅✅ Control that stays in the same region, usually tissues
*Restricted*
Explain long-distance control - Correct answer✅✅ Control that travels across body
Explain reflex control - Correct answer✅✅ ANY local control that involves the nervous or endocrine
system
, Explain negative feedback (ie) - Correct answer✅✅ Response that stops the signal (most)
Explain positive feedback (ie) - Correct answer✅✅ Response that reinforces the signal (oxytocin)
Explain feed-forward control (ie) - Correct answer✅✅ Stimulus and response occur in *anticipation*
of the change (salivation)
CH 5:
Explain simple diffusion - Correct answer✅✅ - passive (no energy, down gradient)
- as temp INC., diffusion INC
- as size INC, diffusin DEC
Explain the two types of protein-mediated transport - Correct answer✅✅ 1. Facilitated Diffusion
- move hydrophobic, charged particles
- channels/carrier
2. Active Transport
- AGAINST GRADIENT
- pumps
*Both use proteins*
Explain vesicular transport - Correct answer✅✅ "transport in/out through vesicles"
i.e. - endocytosis, exocytosis, phagocytosis
Define specificity and explain in carrier-mediated transport - Correct answer✅✅ ability of transporter
to move only one molecule type
GLUT only transports glucose
