Hondros College of Nursing
BIO 117 • A&P
HONDROS A N AT O M Y & P H Y S I O LO G Y E X A M R E V I E W
Practical Nursing Diploma · Term 1
EST. 1981
BIO 117 — Anatomy & Physiology
EXAMS 1–3 & FINAL · CELLS, TISSUES, BODY SYSTEMS, BLOOD & IMMUNITY
INSTITUTION Hondros College of Nursing COURSE CODE BIO 117
PROGRAM Practical Nursing Diploma (PN) · Term 1 EDITION
DOCUMENT Study Guide — Answers & Rationales TOTAL QUESTIONS 50 Questions
COURSE TITLE Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology FORMAT 50 single-best-answer · 6 content areas ·
Prepared by DoctorKen
What’s Inside This BIO 117 Study Guide.
50 practice questions: 6 topics, from cells and tissues to blood Full rationales: why the right answer is right and why the
and immunity. others are wrong.
Exam order: sections follow your three unit exams and the Bonus Points: key takeaways and exam tips after each section.
final.
Problem check: two common reasons questions get missed, Rapid Review: 12 high-yield facts for the night before your
and how to fix them. exam.
PREVIEW From Section 5 · Question 34
34. Which blood vessels are the site of exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes with the tissues?
A. Arteries
B. Capillaries
C. Veins
D. Arterioles
CORRECT ANSWER B. Capillaries
RATIONALE Capillary walls are one cell thick, which lets substances pass between blood and tissue. Arteries and arterioles
carry blood toward the capillaries. Veins carry blood back to the heart.
,BEFORE YOU BEGIN
You Already Know This.
You already know more of this than you think. You know where your heart, lungs, and stomach are, and you have felt
your pulse speed up when you were nervous. Anatomy gives names to what you already know.
This class feels hard because every chapter brings new terms, and the exams ask how each part works, not just what it is
called. This guide gives you practice with both, one body system at a time.
W H E R E I S YO U R P R E PA R AT I O N B R E A K I N G D O W N ?
Many missed questions come from one of two problems. See which one sounds like you.
PROBLEM 1 PROBLEM 2
“The Terms All Sound Alike” “I Know the Name but Not the Job”
W H AT ' S H A P P E N I N G W H AT ' S H A P P E N I N G
Words like proximal and distal, or tendon and ligament, mix You can label the organ, but the question asks what it does or what
together, so two answers look right. happens when it changes.
WORK ON THIS WORK ON THIS
Learn terms in pairs of opposites, and say what each one means in For every structure, ask what it does and what it connects to. Then
your own words before you check. trace the path, such as blood through the heart or air into the alveoli.
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
Each question has one best answer. Read the bolded words in each question carefully.
For timed practice, allow about 1 minute per question, and cover the green answer and blue rationale boxes.
Check your answers, then read the rationale for every question you missed and every lucky guess.
BODY ORGANIZATION, CHEMISTRY & CELLS Questions 1 – 9
1. The knee is proximal to which structure?
A. The hip
B. The ankle
C. The thigh
D. The pelvis
CORRECT ANSWER B. The ankle
RATIONALE Proximal means closer to where a limb attaches to the trunk. The knee is closer to the trunk than the ankle is. The
hip, thigh, and pelvis are all closer to the trunk than the knee, so the knee is distal to them.
, 2. Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?
A. Frontal (coronal) plane
B. Transverse plane
C. Oblique plane
D. Sagittal plane
CORRECT ANSWER D. Sagittal plane
RATIONALE A sagittal plane runs vertically and divides the body into right and left parts. The frontal plane divides front from
back. The transverse plane divides top from bottom. An oblique cut is angled and is not one of the main body
planes.
3. Which body cavity contains the heart?
A. Abdominal cavity
B. Cranial cavity
C. Pelvic cavity
D. Thoracic cavity
CORRECT ANSWER D. Thoracic cavity
RATIONALE The heart sits in the mediastinum, part of the thoracic cavity, along with the lungs. The abdominal cavity holds
organs such as the stomach and liver. The cranial cavity holds the brain. The pelvic cavity holds the bladder and
reproductive organs.
4. Body temperature rises, and the body responds by sweating until the temperature returns to normal. This is an
example of what?
A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback
C. Anabolism
D. Metastasis
CORRECT ANSWER B. Negative feedback
RATIONALE Negative feedback reverses a change to bring the body back to its set point, which maintains homeostasis.
Positive feedback increases a change, as in childbirth contractions. Anabolism is building larger molecules.
Metastasis is the spread of cancer.
5. Which organelle is the main site of ATP production?
A. Ribosome
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
CORRECT ANSWER C. Mitochondrion
RATIONALE Mitochondria make most of the cell’s ATP through cellular respiration. Ribosomes make proteins. Lysosomes
break down waste and worn-out parts. The Golgi apparatus packages and ships proteins.
BIO 117 • A&P
HONDROS A N AT O M Y & P H Y S I O LO G Y E X A M R E V I E W
Practical Nursing Diploma · Term 1
EST. 1981
BIO 117 — Anatomy & Physiology
EXAMS 1–3 & FINAL · CELLS, TISSUES, BODY SYSTEMS, BLOOD & IMMUNITY
INSTITUTION Hondros College of Nursing COURSE CODE BIO 117
PROGRAM Practical Nursing Diploma (PN) · Term 1 EDITION
DOCUMENT Study Guide — Answers & Rationales TOTAL QUESTIONS 50 Questions
COURSE TITLE Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology FORMAT 50 single-best-answer · 6 content areas ·
Prepared by DoctorKen
What’s Inside This BIO 117 Study Guide.
50 practice questions: 6 topics, from cells and tissues to blood Full rationales: why the right answer is right and why the
and immunity. others are wrong.
Exam order: sections follow your three unit exams and the Bonus Points: key takeaways and exam tips after each section.
final.
Problem check: two common reasons questions get missed, Rapid Review: 12 high-yield facts for the night before your
and how to fix them. exam.
PREVIEW From Section 5 · Question 34
34. Which blood vessels are the site of exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes with the tissues?
A. Arteries
B. Capillaries
C. Veins
D. Arterioles
CORRECT ANSWER B. Capillaries
RATIONALE Capillary walls are one cell thick, which lets substances pass between blood and tissue. Arteries and arterioles
carry blood toward the capillaries. Veins carry blood back to the heart.
,BEFORE YOU BEGIN
You Already Know This.
You already know more of this than you think. You know where your heart, lungs, and stomach are, and you have felt
your pulse speed up when you were nervous. Anatomy gives names to what you already know.
This class feels hard because every chapter brings new terms, and the exams ask how each part works, not just what it is
called. This guide gives you practice with both, one body system at a time.
W H E R E I S YO U R P R E PA R AT I O N B R E A K I N G D O W N ?
Many missed questions come from one of two problems. See which one sounds like you.
PROBLEM 1 PROBLEM 2
“The Terms All Sound Alike” “I Know the Name but Not the Job”
W H AT ' S H A P P E N I N G W H AT ' S H A P P E N I N G
Words like proximal and distal, or tendon and ligament, mix You can label the organ, but the question asks what it does or what
together, so two answers look right. happens when it changes.
WORK ON THIS WORK ON THIS
Learn terms in pairs of opposites, and say what each one means in For every structure, ask what it does and what it connects to. Then
your own words before you check. trace the path, such as blood through the heart or air into the alveoli.
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
Each question has one best answer. Read the bolded words in each question carefully.
For timed practice, allow about 1 minute per question, and cover the green answer and blue rationale boxes.
Check your answers, then read the rationale for every question you missed and every lucky guess.
BODY ORGANIZATION, CHEMISTRY & CELLS Questions 1 – 9
1. The knee is proximal to which structure?
A. The hip
B. The ankle
C. The thigh
D. The pelvis
CORRECT ANSWER B. The ankle
RATIONALE Proximal means closer to where a limb attaches to the trunk. The knee is closer to the trunk than the ankle is. The
hip, thigh, and pelvis are all closer to the trunk than the knee, so the knee is distal to them.
, 2. Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?
A. Frontal (coronal) plane
B. Transverse plane
C. Oblique plane
D. Sagittal plane
CORRECT ANSWER D. Sagittal plane
RATIONALE A sagittal plane runs vertically and divides the body into right and left parts. The frontal plane divides front from
back. The transverse plane divides top from bottom. An oblique cut is angled and is not one of the main body
planes.
3. Which body cavity contains the heart?
A. Abdominal cavity
B. Cranial cavity
C. Pelvic cavity
D. Thoracic cavity
CORRECT ANSWER D. Thoracic cavity
RATIONALE The heart sits in the mediastinum, part of the thoracic cavity, along with the lungs. The abdominal cavity holds
organs such as the stomach and liver. The cranial cavity holds the brain. The pelvic cavity holds the bladder and
reproductive organs.
4. Body temperature rises, and the body responds by sweating until the temperature returns to normal. This is an
example of what?
A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback
C. Anabolism
D. Metastasis
CORRECT ANSWER B. Negative feedback
RATIONALE Negative feedback reverses a change to bring the body back to its set point, which maintains homeostasis.
Positive feedback increases a change, as in childbirth contractions. Anabolism is building larger molecules.
Metastasis is the spread of cancer.
5. Which organelle is the main site of ATP production?
A. Ribosome
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
CORRECT ANSWER C. Mitochondrion
RATIONALE Mitochondria make most of the cell’s ATP through cellular respiration. Ribosomes make proteins. Lysosomes
break down waste and worn-out parts. The Golgi apparatus packages and ships proteins.
