D278 SCRIPTING AND PROGRAMMING
FOUNDATIONS ASSESSMENT STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS AND DETAILED
EXPLANATIONS. 2026/2027
1. During which phase of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the primary focus on
identifying the specific goals and constraints of the system to be built?
A. Analysis
B. Implementation
C. Design
D. Maintenance
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Analysis phase involves gathering requirements and
identifying what the system should do, including goals and constraints.
,2. In a flowchart, what is the standard shape used to represent a decision point, such as an ‘if-
else’ statement?
A. Rectangle
B. Parallelogram
C. Oval
D. Diamond
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: A diamond shape represents a decision or branching point in a
flowchart logic diagram.
3. If an algorithm produces an incorrect result despite running to completion without
crashing, what type of error has occurred?
A. Syntax Error
B. Compiler Error
C. Runtime Error
D. Logic Error
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: A logic error occurs when the code runs but does not produce
the intended outcome due to a flaw in the reasoning or algorithm.
, 4. What is the value of the expression ‘17 % 5’ in most programming languages?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 3.4
D. 0
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The modulus operator (%) returns the remainder of a division.
17 divided by 5 is 3 with a remainder of 2.
5. Which programming construct is used to execute a block of code repeatedly as long as a
specific condition remains true?
A. Iteration
B. Sequence
C. Selection
D. Assignment
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Iteration (or looping) is the construct used for repetitive
execution of code blocks.
6. In an array named ‘scores’ with 10 elements, what is the index of the very first element?
A. 0
FOUNDATIONS ASSESSMENT STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS AND DETAILED
EXPLANATIONS. 2026/2027
1. During which phase of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the primary focus on
identifying the specific goals and constraints of the system to be built?
A. Analysis
B. Implementation
C. Design
D. Maintenance
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Analysis phase involves gathering requirements and
identifying what the system should do, including goals and constraints.
,2. In a flowchart, what is the standard shape used to represent a decision point, such as an ‘if-
else’ statement?
A. Rectangle
B. Parallelogram
C. Oval
D. Diamond
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: A diamond shape represents a decision or branching point in a
flowchart logic diagram.
3. If an algorithm produces an incorrect result despite running to completion without
crashing, what type of error has occurred?
A. Syntax Error
B. Compiler Error
C. Runtime Error
D. Logic Error
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: A logic error occurs when the code runs but does not produce
the intended outcome due to a flaw in the reasoning or algorithm.
, 4. What is the value of the expression ‘17 % 5’ in most programming languages?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 3.4
D. 0
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The modulus operator (%) returns the remainder of a division.
17 divided by 5 is 3 with a remainder of 2.
5. Which programming construct is used to execute a block of code repeatedly as long as a
specific condition remains true?
A. Iteration
B. Sequence
C. Selection
D. Assignment
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Iteration (or looping) is the construct used for repetitive
execution of code blocks.
6. In an array named ‘scores’ with 10 elements, what is the index of the very first element?
A. 0
