C175 DATA MANAGEMENT
FOUNDATIONS EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
AND DETAILED EXPLANATIONS.
2026/2027
1. Which attribute type is calculated from other attributes rather than being stored directly in
the database?
A. Derived attribute
B. Multivalued attribute
C. Composite attribute
D. Simple attribute
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A derived attribute is not stored physically in the database but is
calculated from other stored data, such as calculating ‘Age’ from ‘Date of Birth’.
2. In a relational database, what is the primary purpose of a Foreign Key?
A. To uniquely identify a record within its own table
,B. To improve query performance via indexing
C. To establish and enforce a link between data in two tables
D. To ensure that a column cannot contain null values
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: A Foreign Key is a field in one table that refers to the Primary
Key in another table, establishing a relationship and ensuring referential integrity.
3. Which normal form deals specifically with removing partial functional dependencies?
A. First Normal Form (1NF)
B. Third Normal Form (3NF)
C. Second Normal Form (2NF)
D. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Second Normal Form (2NF) requires that the table is in 1NF and
that all non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key, thus
removing partial dependencies.
4. Which SQL clause is used to filter the results of an aggregate function?
A. WHERE
B. ORDER BY
, C. GROUP BY
D. HAVING
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The HAVING clause is used to filter groups based on a condition,
typically following a GROUP BY clause, whereas WHERE filters individual rows before
grouping.
5. An entity that cannot exist without the presence of a parent entity is known as a:
A. Strong entity
B. Weak entity
C. Recursive entity
D. Supertype entity
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A weak entity is existence-dependent on another entity (the
owner) and usually does not have a primary key of its own.
6. Which of the following describes a ‘transitive dependency’ in the context of database
normalization?
A. A non-key attribute depends on another non-key attribute
B. A non-key attribute depends on only part of a composite primary key
C. A primary key depends on a foreign key
FOUNDATIONS EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
AND DETAILED EXPLANATIONS.
2026/2027
1. Which attribute type is calculated from other attributes rather than being stored directly in
the database?
A. Derived attribute
B. Multivalued attribute
C. Composite attribute
D. Simple attribute
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A derived attribute is not stored physically in the database but is
calculated from other stored data, such as calculating ‘Age’ from ‘Date of Birth’.
2. In a relational database, what is the primary purpose of a Foreign Key?
A. To uniquely identify a record within its own table
,B. To improve query performance via indexing
C. To establish and enforce a link between data in two tables
D. To ensure that a column cannot contain null values
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: A Foreign Key is a field in one table that refers to the Primary
Key in another table, establishing a relationship and ensuring referential integrity.
3. Which normal form deals specifically with removing partial functional dependencies?
A. First Normal Form (1NF)
B. Third Normal Form (3NF)
C. Second Normal Form (2NF)
D. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Second Normal Form (2NF) requires that the table is in 1NF and
that all non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key, thus
removing partial dependencies.
4. Which SQL clause is used to filter the results of an aggregate function?
A. WHERE
B. ORDER BY
, C. GROUP BY
D. HAVING
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The HAVING clause is used to filter groups based on a condition,
typically following a GROUP BY clause, whereas WHERE filters individual rows before
grouping.
5. An entity that cannot exist without the presence of a parent entity is known as a:
A. Strong entity
B. Weak entity
C. Recursive entity
D. Supertype entity
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A weak entity is existence-dependent on another entity (the
owner) and usually does not have a primary key of its own.
6. Which of the following describes a ‘transitive dependency’ in the context of database
normalization?
A. A non-key attribute depends on another non-key attribute
B. A non-key attribute depends on only part of a composite primary key
C. A primary key depends on a foreign key
