Galen NUR 170 Concepts of Medical-Surgical Nursing: Exam 1
- Questions with Correct Answers
100 questions
1. Hypernatremia is often associated with:
A. Fluid overload
B. SIADH
C. Excess water intake
D. Dehydration and thirst
Correct Answer: D. Dehydration and thirst
Rationale: Water deficit.
2. Lactated Ringer's solution is:
A. Hypotonic
B. Hypertonic
C. Colloid
D. Isotonic
Correct Answer: D. Isotonic
Rationale: Isotonic crystalloid.
3. Clients at risk for hypocalcemia include those who:
A. Take calcium supplements
B. Have bone cancer
C. Have had thyroid or parathyroid surgery
D. Are immobilized long term
Correct Answer: C. Have had thyroid or parathyroid surgery
Rationale: Parathyroid damage.
4. The normal serum magnesium range is approximately:
A. 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
B. 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
C. 9-10.5 mEq/L
D. 135-145 mEq/L
Correct Answer: A. 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Rationale: Normal magnesium.
5. Loop diuretics such as furosemide can cause:
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypernatremia always
Correct Answer: A. Hypokalemia
Rationale: K wasting.
6. Peaked T waves on the ECG are associated with:
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: D. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Cardiac effect of high K.
,7. Daily weights should be obtained:
A. At different times
B. At the same time, on the same scale, with similar clothing
C. On different scales
D. Only weekly
Correct Answer: B. At the same time, on the same scale, with similar clothing
Rationale: Consistency.
8. A client with SIADH is at risk for:
A. Dilutional hyponatremia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: A. Dilutional hyponatremia
Rationale: Water retention.
9. Before infusing TPN, the nurse confirms catheter placement with:
A. Palpation
B. Client report
C. Chest x-ray for central lines
D. Blood glucose
Correct Answer: C. Chest x-ray for central lines
Rationale: Placement verification.
10. A client with COPD typically has a chronically:
A. Low PaCO2
B. Elevated PaCO2 with compensatory elevated HCO3
C. High pH
D. Normal PaCO2 always
Correct Answer: B. Elevated PaCO2 with compensatory elevated HCO3
Rationale: Chronic retention.
11. The normal PaCO2 range is:
A. 22-26 mm Hg
B. 80-100 mm Hg
C. 45-55 mm Hg
D. 35-45 mm Hg
Correct Answer: D. 35-45 mm Hg
Rationale: Respiratory component.
12. After an arterial blood draw, the nurse should apply pressure for at least:
A. 30 seconds
B. 5 minutes (longer if on anticoagulants)
C. 1 hour
D. No pressure needed
Correct Answer: B. 5 minutes (longer if on anticoagulants)
Rationale: Prevent hematoma.
, 13. The lungs compensate for metabolic disorders by:
A. Excreting bicarbonate
B. Producing hydrogen ions
C. Changing heart rate
D. Changing rate and depth of breathing to adjust CO2
Correct Answer: D. Changing rate and depth of breathing to adjust CO2
Rationale: Fast compensation.
14. Signs of phlebitis include:
A. Coolness and pallor
B. Numbness only
C. Bleeding only
D. Redness, warmth, tenderness and a red streak along the vein
Correct Answer: D. Redness, warmth, tenderness and a red streak along the vein
Rationale: Vein inflammation.
15. A client's ABG shows pH 7.25 and PaCO2 60 after receiving morphine. The priority is to:
A. Give more morphine
B. Encourage sleep
C. Assess respiratory status and prepare naloxone per orders
D. Give bicarbonate
Correct Answer: C. Assess respiratory status and prepare naloxone per orders
Rationale: Opioid respiratory depression.
16. D5W is considered physiologically:
A. Hypertonic always
B. Hypotonic once dextrose is metabolized
C. A colloid
D. A blood product
Correct Answer: B. Hypotonic once dextrose is metabolized
Rationale: Free water.
17. Preoperative teaching should include:
A. Only the surgery time
B. Deep breathing, coughing, incentive spirometry and leg exercises
C. Avoiding movement after surgery
D. Holding breath
Correct Answer: B. Deep breathing, coughing, incentive spirometry and leg exercises
Rationale: Prevent complications.
18. Before the first ambulation after surgery, the nurse should:
A. Rush them to stand
B. Remove all IVs
C. Give a sedative
D. Dangle the client at the bedside to assess for orthostatic hypotension
Correct Answer: D. Dangle the client at the bedside to assess for orthostatic hypotension
Rationale: Fall prevention.
- Questions with Correct Answers
100 questions
1. Hypernatremia is often associated with:
A. Fluid overload
B. SIADH
C. Excess water intake
D. Dehydration and thirst
Correct Answer: D. Dehydration and thirst
Rationale: Water deficit.
2. Lactated Ringer's solution is:
A. Hypotonic
B. Hypertonic
C. Colloid
D. Isotonic
Correct Answer: D. Isotonic
Rationale: Isotonic crystalloid.
3. Clients at risk for hypocalcemia include those who:
A. Take calcium supplements
B. Have bone cancer
C. Have had thyroid or parathyroid surgery
D. Are immobilized long term
Correct Answer: C. Have had thyroid or parathyroid surgery
Rationale: Parathyroid damage.
4. The normal serum magnesium range is approximately:
A. 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
B. 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
C. 9-10.5 mEq/L
D. 135-145 mEq/L
Correct Answer: A. 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Rationale: Normal magnesium.
5. Loop diuretics such as furosemide can cause:
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypernatremia always
Correct Answer: A. Hypokalemia
Rationale: K wasting.
6. Peaked T waves on the ECG are associated with:
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: D. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Cardiac effect of high K.
,7. Daily weights should be obtained:
A. At different times
B. At the same time, on the same scale, with similar clothing
C. On different scales
D. Only weekly
Correct Answer: B. At the same time, on the same scale, with similar clothing
Rationale: Consistency.
8. A client with SIADH is at risk for:
A. Dilutional hyponatremia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: A. Dilutional hyponatremia
Rationale: Water retention.
9. Before infusing TPN, the nurse confirms catheter placement with:
A. Palpation
B. Client report
C. Chest x-ray for central lines
D. Blood glucose
Correct Answer: C. Chest x-ray for central lines
Rationale: Placement verification.
10. A client with COPD typically has a chronically:
A. Low PaCO2
B. Elevated PaCO2 with compensatory elevated HCO3
C. High pH
D. Normal PaCO2 always
Correct Answer: B. Elevated PaCO2 with compensatory elevated HCO3
Rationale: Chronic retention.
11. The normal PaCO2 range is:
A. 22-26 mm Hg
B. 80-100 mm Hg
C. 45-55 mm Hg
D. 35-45 mm Hg
Correct Answer: D. 35-45 mm Hg
Rationale: Respiratory component.
12. After an arterial blood draw, the nurse should apply pressure for at least:
A. 30 seconds
B. 5 minutes (longer if on anticoagulants)
C. 1 hour
D. No pressure needed
Correct Answer: B. 5 minutes (longer if on anticoagulants)
Rationale: Prevent hematoma.
, 13. The lungs compensate for metabolic disorders by:
A. Excreting bicarbonate
B. Producing hydrogen ions
C. Changing heart rate
D. Changing rate and depth of breathing to adjust CO2
Correct Answer: D. Changing rate and depth of breathing to adjust CO2
Rationale: Fast compensation.
14. Signs of phlebitis include:
A. Coolness and pallor
B. Numbness only
C. Bleeding only
D. Redness, warmth, tenderness and a red streak along the vein
Correct Answer: D. Redness, warmth, tenderness and a red streak along the vein
Rationale: Vein inflammation.
15. A client's ABG shows pH 7.25 and PaCO2 60 after receiving morphine. The priority is to:
A. Give more morphine
B. Encourage sleep
C. Assess respiratory status and prepare naloxone per orders
D. Give bicarbonate
Correct Answer: C. Assess respiratory status and prepare naloxone per orders
Rationale: Opioid respiratory depression.
16. D5W is considered physiologically:
A. Hypertonic always
B. Hypotonic once dextrose is metabolized
C. A colloid
D. A blood product
Correct Answer: B. Hypotonic once dextrose is metabolized
Rationale: Free water.
17. Preoperative teaching should include:
A. Only the surgery time
B. Deep breathing, coughing, incentive spirometry and leg exercises
C. Avoiding movement after surgery
D. Holding breath
Correct Answer: B. Deep breathing, coughing, incentive spirometry and leg exercises
Rationale: Prevent complications.
18. Before the first ambulation after surgery, the nurse should:
A. Rush them to stand
B. Remove all IVs
C. Give a sedative
D. Dangle the client at the bedside to assess for orthostatic hypotension
Correct Answer: D. Dangle the client at the bedside to assess for orthostatic hypotension
Rationale: Fall prevention.
