Galen NUR 170 Concepts of Medical-Surgical Nursing: Practice
Test 1 (Units 1-7) - Questions with Correct Answers
100 questions
1. A client with a sodium of 125 mEq/L and confusion should first be placed on:
A. Fluid bolus of hypotonic solution
B. High-potassium diet
C. Seizure and safety precautions
D. Bed rest only
Correct Answer: C. Seizure and safety precautions
Rationale: Safety.
2. Intake and output measurements include:
A. Only oral fluids
B. Only urine
C. All fluids taken in and all output such as urine, drainage and emesis
D. Only IV fluids
Correct Answer: C. All fluids taken in and all output such as urine, drainage and emesis
Rationale: Comprehensive.
3. Potassium-sparing diuretics such as spironolactone can cause:
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyponatremia only
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: C. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: K retention.
4. An isotonic IV solution is:
A. 0.45% sodium chloride
B. 3% sodium chloride
C. D10W
D. 0.9% sodium chloride
Correct Answer: D. 0.9% sodium chloride
Rationale: Same osmolality.
5. A hypotonic IV solution is:
A. 0.9% sodium chloride
B. 3% sodium chloride
C. D5 0.9% NaCl
D. 0.45% sodium chloride
Correct Answer: D. 0.45% sodium chloride
Rationale: Moves water into cells.
6. Positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs indicate:
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: D. Hypocalcemia
Rationale: Neuromuscular irritability.
,7. Foods high in potassium include:
A. White rice and bread
B. Bananas, potatoes, oranges and spinach
C. Apples and cranberries
D. Pasta
Correct Answer: B. Bananas, potatoes, oranges and spinach
Rationale: Teaching.
8. Clients receiving IV fluids should be monitored for overload, especially if they have:
A. A fracture
B. A skin rash
C. Migraines
D. Heart failure or renal failure
Correct Answer: D. Heart failure or renal failure
Rationale: Risk factors.
9. A client with severe vomiting is at risk for:
A. Metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia
B. Metabolic acidosis only
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Respiratory acidosis
Correct Answer: A. Metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia
Rationale: Loss of acid and K.
10. IV potassium must NEVER be given:
A. Diluted in IV fluids
B. Via an infusion pump
C. With cardiac monitoring
D. By IV push
Correct Answer: D. By IV push
Rationale: Can cause cardiac arrest.
11. Fluid restriction is a common treatment for:
A. Diabetes insipidus
B. Dehydration
C. Hypernatremia from water loss
D. SIADH
Correct Answer: D. SIADH
Rationale: Limit free water.
12. Signs of fluid volume deficit include:
A. Bounding pulse and crackles
B. Weight gain and edema
C. Tachycardia, hypotension and decreased urine output
D. Distended neck veins
Correct Answer: C. Tachycardia, hypotension and decreased urine output
Rationale: Hypovolemia.
, 13. Signs of fluid volume excess include:
A. Tachycardia with low BP and dry mucosa
B. Poor skin turgor
C. Crackles, edema, bounding pulse and weight gain
D. Concentrated urine
Correct Answer: C. Crackles, edema, bounding pulse and weight gain
Rationale: Hypervolemia.
14. A client with severe diarrhea is at risk for:
A. Metabolic alkalosis
B. Hypernatremia only
C. Metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: C. Metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia
Rationale: Loss of bicarbonate.
15. Normal serum osmolality is approximately:
A. 135-145 mOsm/kg
B. 500-800 mOsm/kg
C. 50-100 mOsm/kg
D. 275-295 mOsm/kg
Correct Answer: D. 275-295 mOsm/kg
Rationale: Concentration.
16. Signs of infiltration at an IV site include:
A. Red streak and warmth
B. Swelling, coolness and pallor at the site
C. Fever only
D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: B. Swelling, coolness and pallor at the site
Rationale: Fluid in tissue.
17. Metabolic acidosis may be caused by:
A. Vomiting
B. Antacid overuse
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure or severe diarrhea
D. Hyperventilation
Correct Answer: C. Diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure or severe diarrhea
Rationale: Acid gain or base loss.
18. Metabolic alkalosis may be caused by:
A. Prolonged vomiting or NG suction
B. Diarrhea
C. DKA
D. Renal failure
Correct Answer: A. Prolonged vomiting or NG suction
Rationale: Acid loss.
Test 1 (Units 1-7) - Questions with Correct Answers
100 questions
1. A client with a sodium of 125 mEq/L and confusion should first be placed on:
A. Fluid bolus of hypotonic solution
B. High-potassium diet
C. Seizure and safety precautions
D. Bed rest only
Correct Answer: C. Seizure and safety precautions
Rationale: Safety.
2. Intake and output measurements include:
A. Only oral fluids
B. Only urine
C. All fluids taken in and all output such as urine, drainage and emesis
D. Only IV fluids
Correct Answer: C. All fluids taken in and all output such as urine, drainage and emesis
Rationale: Comprehensive.
3. Potassium-sparing diuretics such as spironolactone can cause:
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyponatremia only
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: C. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: K retention.
4. An isotonic IV solution is:
A. 0.45% sodium chloride
B. 3% sodium chloride
C. D10W
D. 0.9% sodium chloride
Correct Answer: D. 0.9% sodium chloride
Rationale: Same osmolality.
5. A hypotonic IV solution is:
A. 0.9% sodium chloride
B. 3% sodium chloride
C. D5 0.9% NaCl
D. 0.45% sodium chloride
Correct Answer: D. 0.45% sodium chloride
Rationale: Moves water into cells.
6. Positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs indicate:
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: D. Hypocalcemia
Rationale: Neuromuscular irritability.
,7. Foods high in potassium include:
A. White rice and bread
B. Bananas, potatoes, oranges and spinach
C. Apples and cranberries
D. Pasta
Correct Answer: B. Bananas, potatoes, oranges and spinach
Rationale: Teaching.
8. Clients receiving IV fluids should be monitored for overload, especially if they have:
A. A fracture
B. A skin rash
C. Migraines
D. Heart failure or renal failure
Correct Answer: D. Heart failure or renal failure
Rationale: Risk factors.
9. A client with severe vomiting is at risk for:
A. Metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia
B. Metabolic acidosis only
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Respiratory acidosis
Correct Answer: A. Metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia
Rationale: Loss of acid and K.
10. IV potassium must NEVER be given:
A. Diluted in IV fluids
B. Via an infusion pump
C. With cardiac monitoring
D. By IV push
Correct Answer: D. By IV push
Rationale: Can cause cardiac arrest.
11. Fluid restriction is a common treatment for:
A. Diabetes insipidus
B. Dehydration
C. Hypernatremia from water loss
D. SIADH
Correct Answer: D. SIADH
Rationale: Limit free water.
12. Signs of fluid volume deficit include:
A. Bounding pulse and crackles
B. Weight gain and edema
C. Tachycardia, hypotension and decreased urine output
D. Distended neck veins
Correct Answer: C. Tachycardia, hypotension and decreased urine output
Rationale: Hypovolemia.
, 13. Signs of fluid volume excess include:
A. Tachycardia with low BP and dry mucosa
B. Poor skin turgor
C. Crackles, edema, bounding pulse and weight gain
D. Concentrated urine
Correct Answer: C. Crackles, edema, bounding pulse and weight gain
Rationale: Hypervolemia.
14. A client with severe diarrhea is at risk for:
A. Metabolic alkalosis
B. Hypernatremia only
C. Metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: C. Metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia
Rationale: Loss of bicarbonate.
15. Normal serum osmolality is approximately:
A. 135-145 mOsm/kg
B. 500-800 mOsm/kg
C. 50-100 mOsm/kg
D. 275-295 mOsm/kg
Correct Answer: D. 275-295 mOsm/kg
Rationale: Concentration.
16. Signs of infiltration at an IV site include:
A. Red streak and warmth
B. Swelling, coolness and pallor at the site
C. Fever only
D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: B. Swelling, coolness and pallor at the site
Rationale: Fluid in tissue.
17. Metabolic acidosis may be caused by:
A. Vomiting
B. Antacid overuse
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure or severe diarrhea
D. Hyperventilation
Correct Answer: C. Diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure or severe diarrhea
Rationale: Acid gain or base loss.
18. Metabolic alkalosis may be caused by:
A. Prolonged vomiting or NG suction
B. Diarrhea
C. DKA
D. Renal failure
Correct Answer: A. Prolonged vomiting or NG suction
Rationale: Acid loss.
