Galen NUR 170 Concepts of Medical-Surgical Nursing: Exam 3
- Questions with Correct Answers
100 questions
1. Before administering IV magnesium sulfate, the nurse should assess:
A. Deep tendon reflexes and respiratory rate
B. Blood glucose only
C. Pupil size only
D. Hearing
Correct Answer: A. Deep tendon reflexes and respiratory rate
Rationale: Toxicity monitoring.
2. A weight gain of 1 kg (2.2 lb) in 24 hours represents approximately:
A. 100 mL
B. 500 mL
C. 5 liters
D. 1 liter of fluid
Correct Answer: D. 1 liter of fluid
Rationale: Fluid retention.
3. Hypomagnesemia may cause:
A. Hyporeflexia and lethargy
B. Kidney stones
C. Tremors, hyperreflexia and dysrhythmias
D. Peaked T waves
Correct Answer: C. Tremors, hyperreflexia and dysrhythmias
Rationale: Neuromuscular excitability.
4. Seizure precautions are especially important for clients with:
A. Hyperkalemia only
B. Hypermagnesemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Severe hyponatremia or hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: D. Severe hyponatremia or hypocalcemia
Rationale: Neuro irritability.
5. The antidote for magnesium toxicity is:
A. Calcium gluconate
B. Naloxone
C. Vitamin K
D. Protamine sulfate
Correct Answer: A. Calcium gluconate
Rationale: Antagonist.
6. Hypotonic solutions should be avoided in clients with:
A. Increased intracranial pressure
B. Dehydration
C. Hypernatremia
D. Diabetic ketoacidosis without cerebral edema risk
Correct Answer: A. Increased intracranial pressure
Rationale: Can worsen cerebral edema.
,7. U waves and flattened T waves on the ECG suggest:
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer: C. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Low K.
8. A client with hyperkalemia should avoid:
A. Low-potassium foods
B. Water
C. Salt substitutes and high-potassium foods
D. Rice
Correct Answer: C. Salt substitutes and high-potassium foods
Rationale: Diet.
9. ABG: pH 7.33, PaCO2 30, HCO3 15 indicates:
A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Fully compensated metabolic acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Partially compensated metabolic acidosis
Correct Answer: D. Partially compensated metabolic acidosis
Rationale: pH abnormal, both abnormal.
10. Hand hygiene and aseptic technique during IV care primarily prevent:
A. Overload
B. Infiltration
C. Bloodstream infections
D. Air embolism
Correct Answer: C. Bloodstream infections
Rationale: Infection control.
11. Compensation is complete when:
A. PaCO2 is normal
B. HCO3 is normal
C. The pH returns to the normal range
D. All values are normal
Correct Answer: C. The pH returns to the normal range
Rationale: Normal pH.
12. The normal HCO3- range is:
A. 35-45 mEq/L
B. 80-100 mEq/L
C. 10-15 mEq/L
D. 22-26 mEq/L
Correct Answer: D. 22-26 mEq/L
Rationale: Metabolic component.
, 13. A peripheral IV catheter site should be assessed for:
A. Hair growth
B. Redness, swelling, pain, warmth and leakage
C. Nail color only
D. Pulse only
Correct Answer: B. Redness, swelling, pain, warmth and leakage
Rationale: Complications.
14. A client hyperventilating from anxiety should be encouraged to:
A. Breathe faster
B. Hold breath for 2 minutes
C. Slow their breathing and use calming techniques
D. Lie flat
Correct Answer: C. Slow their breathing and use calming techniques
Rationale: Reduce CO2 loss.
15. ABG: pH 7.50, PaCO2 30, HCO3 24 indicates:
A. Metabolic alkalosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: D. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
Rationale: High pH, low CO2.
16. Albumin is an example of a:
A. Crystalloid
B. Colloid solution
C. Hypotonic solution
D. Electrolyte replacement only
Correct Answer: B. Colloid solution
Rationale: Pulls fluid into vessels.
17. Sudden dyspnea, chest pain and tachycardia after surgery may indicate:
A. Atelectasis only
B. Constipation
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Urinary retention
Correct Answer: C. Pulmonary embolism
Rationale: Emergency.
18. Malignant hyperthermia is a reaction to:
A. Antibiotics
B. Opioids
C. IV fluids
D. Certain anesthetic agents such as succinylcholine and volatile gases
Correct Answer: D. Certain anesthetic agents such as succinylcholine and volatile gases
Rationale: Genetic.
- Questions with Correct Answers
100 questions
1. Before administering IV magnesium sulfate, the nurse should assess:
A. Deep tendon reflexes and respiratory rate
B. Blood glucose only
C. Pupil size only
D. Hearing
Correct Answer: A. Deep tendon reflexes and respiratory rate
Rationale: Toxicity monitoring.
2. A weight gain of 1 kg (2.2 lb) in 24 hours represents approximately:
A. 100 mL
B. 500 mL
C. 5 liters
D. 1 liter of fluid
Correct Answer: D. 1 liter of fluid
Rationale: Fluid retention.
3. Hypomagnesemia may cause:
A. Hyporeflexia and lethargy
B. Kidney stones
C. Tremors, hyperreflexia and dysrhythmias
D. Peaked T waves
Correct Answer: C. Tremors, hyperreflexia and dysrhythmias
Rationale: Neuromuscular excitability.
4. Seizure precautions are especially important for clients with:
A. Hyperkalemia only
B. Hypermagnesemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Severe hyponatremia or hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: D. Severe hyponatremia or hypocalcemia
Rationale: Neuro irritability.
5. The antidote for magnesium toxicity is:
A. Calcium gluconate
B. Naloxone
C. Vitamin K
D. Protamine sulfate
Correct Answer: A. Calcium gluconate
Rationale: Antagonist.
6. Hypotonic solutions should be avoided in clients with:
A. Increased intracranial pressure
B. Dehydration
C. Hypernatremia
D. Diabetic ketoacidosis without cerebral edema risk
Correct Answer: A. Increased intracranial pressure
Rationale: Can worsen cerebral edema.
,7. U waves and flattened T waves on the ECG suggest:
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer: C. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Low K.
8. A client with hyperkalemia should avoid:
A. Low-potassium foods
B. Water
C. Salt substitutes and high-potassium foods
D. Rice
Correct Answer: C. Salt substitutes and high-potassium foods
Rationale: Diet.
9. ABG: pH 7.33, PaCO2 30, HCO3 15 indicates:
A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Fully compensated metabolic acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Partially compensated metabolic acidosis
Correct Answer: D. Partially compensated metabolic acidosis
Rationale: pH abnormal, both abnormal.
10. Hand hygiene and aseptic technique during IV care primarily prevent:
A. Overload
B. Infiltration
C. Bloodstream infections
D. Air embolism
Correct Answer: C. Bloodstream infections
Rationale: Infection control.
11. Compensation is complete when:
A. PaCO2 is normal
B. HCO3 is normal
C. The pH returns to the normal range
D. All values are normal
Correct Answer: C. The pH returns to the normal range
Rationale: Normal pH.
12. The normal HCO3- range is:
A. 35-45 mEq/L
B. 80-100 mEq/L
C. 10-15 mEq/L
D. 22-26 mEq/L
Correct Answer: D. 22-26 mEq/L
Rationale: Metabolic component.
, 13. A peripheral IV catheter site should be assessed for:
A. Hair growth
B. Redness, swelling, pain, warmth and leakage
C. Nail color only
D. Pulse only
Correct Answer: B. Redness, swelling, pain, warmth and leakage
Rationale: Complications.
14. A client hyperventilating from anxiety should be encouraged to:
A. Breathe faster
B. Hold breath for 2 minutes
C. Slow their breathing and use calming techniques
D. Lie flat
Correct Answer: C. Slow their breathing and use calming techniques
Rationale: Reduce CO2 loss.
15. ABG: pH 7.50, PaCO2 30, HCO3 24 indicates:
A. Metabolic alkalosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: D. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
Rationale: High pH, low CO2.
16. Albumin is an example of a:
A. Crystalloid
B. Colloid solution
C. Hypotonic solution
D. Electrolyte replacement only
Correct Answer: B. Colloid solution
Rationale: Pulls fluid into vessels.
17. Sudden dyspnea, chest pain and tachycardia after surgery may indicate:
A. Atelectasis only
B. Constipation
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Urinary retention
Correct Answer: C. Pulmonary embolism
Rationale: Emergency.
18. Malignant hyperthermia is a reaction to:
A. Antibiotics
B. Opioids
C. IV fluids
D. Certain anesthetic agents such as succinylcholine and volatile gases
Correct Answer: D. Certain anesthetic agents such as succinylcholine and volatile gases
Rationale: Genetic.
