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BSN 346 - MIDTERM EXAM 2026/2027 |
NURSING COURSE | 75 VERIFIED Q&A |
DETAILED RATIONALES | NGN-ALIGNED |
PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION I: CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING - Questions 1-10
Q1: Angina pectoris
The student is reviewing angina pectoris. What is the primary cause of stable angina?
A. Coronary artery spasm
B. Myocardial ischemia due to increased oxygen demand
C. Complete coronary occlusion
D. Pericardial inflammation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stable angina occurs when myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply, usually due to
fixed coronary artery narrowing. It is predictable and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. Unstable
angina is unpredictable and occurs at rest. Variant angina is caused by coronary spasm. [100%
CORRECT]
Q2: Nitroglycerin administration
The student is reviewing nitroglycerin. What is the priority instruction for a patient using sublingual
nitroglycerin?
A. Swallow the tablet with water
B. Sit or lie down before taking
C. Take with food
D. Take only when pain is severe
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nitroglycerin causes vasodilation and can lead to hypotension and syncope. The patient
should sit or lie down before taking it. It is absorbed sublingually, not swallowed. It should be taken
at the first sign of angina. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: Heart failure exacerbation
The student is reviewing heart failure. Which assessment finding indicates worsening left-sided heart
failure?
A. Weight loss
B. Dry cough
C. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
D. Decreased urine output
,2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is a classic sign of left-sided heart failure, where
fluid redistributes to the lungs when lying down. Other signs include orthopnea, crackles, and pink
frothy sputum. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Digoxin toxicity
The student is reviewing digoxin. Which finding is an early sign of digoxin toxicity?
A. Hypertension
B. Anorexia and nausea
C. Bradycardia
D. Visual disturbances
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Early signs of digoxin toxicity include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Later signs
include visual disturbances (yellow halos) and dysrhythmias. Monitor potassium levels; hypokalemia
increases toxicity risk. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Atrial fibrillation
The student is reviewing atrial fibrillation. What is the priority nursing concern for a patient with
atrial fibrillation?
A. Hypertension
B. Stroke risk
C. Bradycardia
D. Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atrial fibrillation causes blood stasis in the atria, leading to clot formation and increased
risk of stroke. Anticoagulation is a priority. Other concerns include rate control and symptom
management. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Pacemaker care
The student is reviewing pacemaker care. What should the patient avoid after pacemaker insertion?
A. Walking
B. Raising the arm on the affected side above the shoulder
C. Driving
D. Showering
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After pacemaker insertion, the patient should avoid raising the affected arm above the
shoulder for several weeks to prevent lead dislodgement. Driving may be restricted initially.
Showering is allowed after incision heals. [100% CORRECT]
Q7: Cardioversion
The student is reviewing cardioversion. What is the priority nursing action before elective
cardioversion?
, 3
A. Administer sedative
B. Ensure informed consent
C. Apply oxygen
D. Obtain ECG
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Informed consent is required before elective cardioversion. The patient is sedated,
oxygen is applied, and ECG is monitored, but consent is the first priority. [100% CORRECT]
Q8: Peripheral vascular disease
The student is reviewing peripheral arterial disease. What is a characteristic sign of PAD?
A. Dependent rubor
B. Pitting edema
C. Warm extremities
D. Bounding pulses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dependent rubor (redness when the leg is dependent) is a sign of PAD due to vasodilation
in response to ischemia. Other signs include cool extremities, absent pulses, and intermittent
claudication. [100% CORRECT]
Q9: Venous insufficiency
The student is reviewing venous insufficiency. What is a priority intervention for venous ulcers?
A. Elevate legs above heart level
B. Apply heat
C. Keep legs in dependent position
D. Massage the ulcer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevating the legs above heart level promotes venous return and reduces edema, aiding
healing. Compression therapy is also used. Heat and massage are contraindicated. [100% CORRECT]
Q10: Antihypertensive teaching
The student is reviewing antihypertensive teaching. Which statement by the patient indicates
understanding?
A. "I will stop taking my medication if I feel better."
B. "I will change positions slowly."
C. "I will take my medication only when my blood pressure is high."
D. "I will double my dose if I miss one."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Changing positions slowly prevents orthostatic hypotension, a common side effect of
antihypertensives. Patients should not stop medication abruptly or double doses. [100% CORRECT]
SECTION II: RESPIRATORY NURSING - Questions 11-20
BSN 346 - MIDTERM EXAM 2026/2027 |
NURSING COURSE | 75 VERIFIED Q&A |
DETAILED RATIONALES | NGN-ALIGNED |
PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION I: CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING - Questions 1-10
Q1: Angina pectoris
The student is reviewing angina pectoris. What is the primary cause of stable angina?
A. Coronary artery spasm
B. Myocardial ischemia due to increased oxygen demand
C. Complete coronary occlusion
D. Pericardial inflammation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stable angina occurs when myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply, usually due to
fixed coronary artery narrowing. It is predictable and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. Unstable
angina is unpredictable and occurs at rest. Variant angina is caused by coronary spasm. [100%
CORRECT]
Q2: Nitroglycerin administration
The student is reviewing nitroglycerin. What is the priority instruction for a patient using sublingual
nitroglycerin?
A. Swallow the tablet with water
B. Sit or lie down before taking
C. Take with food
D. Take only when pain is severe
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nitroglycerin causes vasodilation and can lead to hypotension and syncope. The patient
should sit or lie down before taking it. It is absorbed sublingually, not swallowed. It should be taken
at the first sign of angina. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: Heart failure exacerbation
The student is reviewing heart failure. Which assessment finding indicates worsening left-sided heart
failure?
A. Weight loss
B. Dry cough
C. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
D. Decreased urine output
,2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is a classic sign of left-sided heart failure, where
fluid redistributes to the lungs when lying down. Other signs include orthopnea, crackles, and pink
frothy sputum. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Digoxin toxicity
The student is reviewing digoxin. Which finding is an early sign of digoxin toxicity?
A. Hypertension
B. Anorexia and nausea
C. Bradycardia
D. Visual disturbances
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Early signs of digoxin toxicity include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Later signs
include visual disturbances (yellow halos) and dysrhythmias. Monitor potassium levels; hypokalemia
increases toxicity risk. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Atrial fibrillation
The student is reviewing atrial fibrillation. What is the priority nursing concern for a patient with
atrial fibrillation?
A. Hypertension
B. Stroke risk
C. Bradycardia
D. Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atrial fibrillation causes blood stasis in the atria, leading to clot formation and increased
risk of stroke. Anticoagulation is a priority. Other concerns include rate control and symptom
management. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Pacemaker care
The student is reviewing pacemaker care. What should the patient avoid after pacemaker insertion?
A. Walking
B. Raising the arm on the affected side above the shoulder
C. Driving
D. Showering
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After pacemaker insertion, the patient should avoid raising the affected arm above the
shoulder for several weeks to prevent lead dislodgement. Driving may be restricted initially.
Showering is allowed after incision heals. [100% CORRECT]
Q7: Cardioversion
The student is reviewing cardioversion. What is the priority nursing action before elective
cardioversion?
, 3
A. Administer sedative
B. Ensure informed consent
C. Apply oxygen
D. Obtain ECG
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Informed consent is required before elective cardioversion. The patient is sedated,
oxygen is applied, and ECG is monitored, but consent is the first priority. [100% CORRECT]
Q8: Peripheral vascular disease
The student is reviewing peripheral arterial disease. What is a characteristic sign of PAD?
A. Dependent rubor
B. Pitting edema
C. Warm extremities
D. Bounding pulses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dependent rubor (redness when the leg is dependent) is a sign of PAD due to vasodilation
in response to ischemia. Other signs include cool extremities, absent pulses, and intermittent
claudication. [100% CORRECT]
Q9: Venous insufficiency
The student is reviewing venous insufficiency. What is a priority intervention for venous ulcers?
A. Elevate legs above heart level
B. Apply heat
C. Keep legs in dependent position
D. Massage the ulcer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevating the legs above heart level promotes venous return and reduces edema, aiding
healing. Compression therapy is also used. Heat and massage are contraindicated. [100% CORRECT]
Q10: Antihypertensive teaching
The student is reviewing antihypertensive teaching. Which statement by the patient indicates
understanding?
A. "I will stop taking my medication if I feel better."
B. "I will change positions slowly."
C. "I will take my medication only when my blood pressure is high."
D. "I will double my dose if I miss one."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Changing positions slowly prevents orthostatic hypotension, a common side effect of
antihypertensives. Patients should not stop medication abruptly or double doses. [100% CORRECT]
SECTION II: RESPIRATORY NURSING - Questions 11-20
