NSG4330 Week 1 2026/2027 | Study Guide, Practice Questions & Answers, Exam Review

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NSG4330
NSG4330 Week 1 Week 1
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1. Why is it impor- - because it's the second leading cause of death in Canada and leading cause of
tant that we learn death in Indigenous people
how to proper- - many patients will have underlying coronary disease, especially as the popula-
ly treat heart dis- tion ages
ease?

2. How do rates - Heart disease rates for Indigenous peoples are as much as 50% higher than in
of heart dis- the general population
ease compare in - due to genetics and social determinants of health (lack of resources, poverty)
Indigenous peo-
ple vs the gen-
eral population?
Why?

3. What are the hypertensive and ischemic heart disease
main two cate-
gories of heart
disease?

4. What type of ischemic heart diseases > about 50% of deaths
heart disease
(main catego-
ry) causes more
deaths?

5. What are the a) rising
trends for the b) slowly rising
number of
deaths caused
by....
a) hypertensive
diseases


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NSG4330
NSG4330 Week 1 Week 1
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b) ischemic heart
diseases

6. How do heart Hypertension is more common in females, while ischemic heart disease is more
disease differ by common in males (but females are catching up)
sex?

7. What is coro- an abnormal condition that affects the heart's arteries and impairs blood flow to
nary artery dis- the myocardium
ease (CAD)?

8. What is the main atherosclerosis
cause of CAD?

9. CAD is a progressive; develops over many years
__________ dis-
ease.

10. By the time one the disease process is usually well advanced
with CAD be-
comes sympto-
matic...

11. What is athero- characterized by yellow plaques of cholesterol, other lipids, and cellular debris in
sclerosis? the inner layer (intima) of the arteries

12. What is injury in intima of arteries > vasodilation and capillary permeability > blood
the pathophysi- vessels stretch > lipids slide into the lining > narrows the arteries > less blood
ology of CAD? flow/nutrients to myocardium > ischemia/hypoxia

13. Why is it detri- the heart never takes a break; less oxygen = won't work well over time*
mental when the
heart doesn't get
enough oxygen?

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NSG4330
NSG4330 Week 1 Week 1
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14. What can lead to - Tobacco use
the injury result- - Hyperlipidemia
ing in atheroscle- - Hypertension
rosis in CAD? - Toxin exposure
- Diabetes
- Infections causing an inflammatory response
- Hyperhomocysteinmia

15. How does hyper- lipids are heavier and fall to the bottom of arteries > roughs the lining as it moves
lipidemia lead to along
artery injury?

16. How does di- those with diabetes have smaller blood vessels
abetes lead to
artery injury in
CAD?

17. What is kidneys aren't working well > levels of protein rise in the blood > causes irritation
hyperhomocys- in the arteries
teinemia and
how does it lead
to injury in CAD?

18. What are the Stage I: Fatty streak
stages of CAD? Stage II: Fibrous plaque
Stage III: Complicated lesions

19. Describe the fol- - Initial injury damages the endothelial lining of the vessel
lowing stage - At the site of injury, lipids begin to accumulate and migrate into the smooth
of CAD patho- muscle cells
physiology: Fatty - The lipid streaks have a slightly yellow appearance
streak

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