Genetics Final Exam
Assessments With
Absolute Resolutions.
In a few sentences, summarize Darwin's theory of natural selection. - correct
ans:Natural selection posited that more offspring were produced than an
environment could actually support. Survival in a crowded environment
would lead to struggle within a population, so the offspring that inherited the
most desirable traits for a certain environment would ultimately survive.
Over time, variations would evolve in offspring that would make them more
adaptive, and ultimately over time, new species could evolve.
Name 2 types of animal models that are used for genetics research. Describe
one trait that each model possesses that makes it a useful genetic tool. -
correct ans:Mouse- similar genome to human, easy to breed
Fruit fly- extremely cheap, short life, easy to breed, small genome
Worms- inexpensive, simple nervous system, easy to use, short life span
Zebrafish- transparent larvae and embryo
How does preformation differ from epigenesis? - correct ans:Preformation
postulated that a fertilized egg contained a miniaturized version of a tiny
human, called a homunculus. Epigenesis directly contradicted that theory by
stating that a fertilized egg undergoes a series of developmental events that
eventually form a human.
What type of plants did Gregor Mendel use in his famous experiments? -
correct ans:pea plants
The chromosomal theory of inheritance states that: - correct ans:Genes,
contributed from each parent, are carried on chromosomes.
,True or False: Nucleotides are the basic building blocks that make up DNA.
Correct! - correct ans:true
Explain how the use of biotechnology has contributed to modern agriculture.
- correct ans:Transgenic plants have been engineered to resist insects and
harsh environments, grow bigger and more prolifically, or to enhance
nutrition.
True or False: The theory of spontaneous generation posits that living things
can spontaneously generate from nonliving things.
Correct! - correct ans:true
Natural selection posits that organisms that have the most advantageous
characteristics will survive their environment. Do humans have the same
selective pressures for natural selection that their animal counterparts do?
Are humans still evolving? - correct ans:Modern humans have overcome the
survival barriers that most animals face. They (typically) do not face harsh
environments or predators because of their ability to shelter; they do not
need to hunt or gather for food because there are markets; they have
equipment and clothing to help them to be strong, to climb, etc. So, humans
do not face the same selective pressures that other animals do for survival.
That being said, they do continue to evolve. Genetic mutations occur within
populations that may be slightly advantageous to a certain lifestyle (eg
evolving the ability to digest milk even into adulthood), and these mutations
may be selected for within a population. So, evolution occurs even though it
is no longer a true "natural selection" for survival.
Cell theory was introduced by: - correct ans:Matthias Schleiden and Theodor
Schwann
Charles Darwin's publication on evolution is called: - correct ans:the origin of
species
, Propose examples of certain traits that could benefit a mammal that lives in
a mountainous environment. - correct ans:The ability to climb easily, have
good balance, blend in with the colors of mountains (snow or rocks), to deal
with low oxygen levels, and to find food on rough terrain are traits that would
benefit a mountain animal. Answers may vary.
The _________hypothesized that heredity and development depend on the
passing of genetic information via _______that are contained within
chromosomes. - correct ans:Chromosomal theory of inheritance; genes
The number of total chromosomes in a normal human chromosome set
is____. Chromosomes exist in matched numbers of____. - correct ans:46;2
______ genes are the "normal" genes, such as the red eye color in the fruit fly.
A mutation of a gene is referred to as an ______. - correct ans:wild type;allele
How many nucleotides make up DNA? In which combinations do they pair? -
correct ans:4; A-T and G-C
Corn and soybeans are 90% transgenic crops. What does this mean? - correct
ans:A transgenic crop has had advantageous traits introduced via
recombinant DNA technology.
The FDA-approved ATryn used to treat blood clots, was derived from
genetically engineered - correct ans:goats
A ________is carrier DNA in which a gene can be inserted using specific
________. - correct ans:vector;restriction enzymes
Which two scientists won the Nobel Prize for their model of the double-
stranded DNA helix? - correct ans:james watson and francis crick
Assessments With
Absolute Resolutions.
In a few sentences, summarize Darwin's theory of natural selection. - correct
ans:Natural selection posited that more offspring were produced than an
environment could actually support. Survival in a crowded environment
would lead to struggle within a population, so the offspring that inherited the
most desirable traits for a certain environment would ultimately survive.
Over time, variations would evolve in offspring that would make them more
adaptive, and ultimately over time, new species could evolve.
Name 2 types of animal models that are used for genetics research. Describe
one trait that each model possesses that makes it a useful genetic tool. -
correct ans:Mouse- similar genome to human, easy to breed
Fruit fly- extremely cheap, short life, easy to breed, small genome
Worms- inexpensive, simple nervous system, easy to use, short life span
Zebrafish- transparent larvae and embryo
How does preformation differ from epigenesis? - correct ans:Preformation
postulated that a fertilized egg contained a miniaturized version of a tiny
human, called a homunculus. Epigenesis directly contradicted that theory by
stating that a fertilized egg undergoes a series of developmental events that
eventually form a human.
What type of plants did Gregor Mendel use in his famous experiments? -
correct ans:pea plants
The chromosomal theory of inheritance states that: - correct ans:Genes,
contributed from each parent, are carried on chromosomes.
,True or False: Nucleotides are the basic building blocks that make up DNA.
Correct! - correct ans:true
Explain how the use of biotechnology has contributed to modern agriculture.
- correct ans:Transgenic plants have been engineered to resist insects and
harsh environments, grow bigger and more prolifically, or to enhance
nutrition.
True or False: The theory of spontaneous generation posits that living things
can spontaneously generate from nonliving things.
Correct! - correct ans:true
Natural selection posits that organisms that have the most advantageous
characteristics will survive their environment. Do humans have the same
selective pressures for natural selection that their animal counterparts do?
Are humans still evolving? - correct ans:Modern humans have overcome the
survival barriers that most animals face. They (typically) do not face harsh
environments or predators because of their ability to shelter; they do not
need to hunt or gather for food because there are markets; they have
equipment and clothing to help them to be strong, to climb, etc. So, humans
do not face the same selective pressures that other animals do for survival.
That being said, they do continue to evolve. Genetic mutations occur within
populations that may be slightly advantageous to a certain lifestyle (eg
evolving the ability to digest milk even into adulthood), and these mutations
may be selected for within a population. So, evolution occurs even though it
is no longer a true "natural selection" for survival.
Cell theory was introduced by: - correct ans:Matthias Schleiden and Theodor
Schwann
Charles Darwin's publication on evolution is called: - correct ans:the origin of
species
, Propose examples of certain traits that could benefit a mammal that lives in
a mountainous environment. - correct ans:The ability to climb easily, have
good balance, blend in with the colors of mountains (snow or rocks), to deal
with low oxygen levels, and to find food on rough terrain are traits that would
benefit a mountain animal. Answers may vary.
The _________hypothesized that heredity and development depend on the
passing of genetic information via _______that are contained within
chromosomes. - correct ans:Chromosomal theory of inheritance; genes
The number of total chromosomes in a normal human chromosome set
is____. Chromosomes exist in matched numbers of____. - correct ans:46;2
______ genes are the "normal" genes, such as the red eye color in the fruit fly.
A mutation of a gene is referred to as an ______. - correct ans:wild type;allele
How many nucleotides make up DNA? In which combinations do they pair? -
correct ans:4; A-T and G-C
Corn and soybeans are 90% transgenic crops. What does this mean? - correct
ans:A transgenic crop has had advantageous traits introduced via
recombinant DNA technology.
The FDA-approved ATryn used to treat blood clots, was derived from
genetically engineered - correct ans:goats
A ________is carrier DNA in which a gene can be inserted using specific
________. - correct ans:vector;restriction enzymes
Which two scientists won the Nobel Prize for their model of the double-
stranded DNA helix? - correct ans:james watson and francis crick
