NUR 252 Exam 2 | Mental Health Nursing (2026) Q&A | Galen
College
1. A nurse is assessing a patient with acute glomerulonephritis. Which finding is most
characteristic of this condition?
A) Polyuria and polydipsia
B) Hematuria and proteinuria
C) Hypotension and bradycardia
D) Hypercalcemia and hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: B) Hematuria and proteinuria
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, leading
to hematuria (blood in urine) and proteinuria (protein in urine). It can also cause edema and
hypertension. Polyuria and polydipsia are associated with diabetes insipidus.
2. A patient is diagnosed with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. The nurse understands
this condition is caused by:
A) A direct bacterial infection of the kidneys
B) An immune response following a streptococcal infection
C) A fungal infection of the glomeruli
D) A viral infection of the renal tubules
Correct Answer: B) An immune response following a streptococcal infection
Rationale: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis occurs as an immune-mediated response
following a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat or impetigo. Immune complexes deposit
in the glomeruli, causing inflammation.
,3. Which assessment finding is most concerning in a patient with acute glomerulonephritis?
A) Blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg
B) Urine output of 50 mL/hr
C) Serum potassium of 4.0 mEq/L
D) Mild periorbital edema
Correct Answer: A) Blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg
Rationale: Severe hypertension in glomerulonephritis can lead to hypertensive encephalopathy,
seizures, and stroke. Close monitoring and management of blood pressure are critical.
4. What is the most common cause of urinary tract infections?
A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Escherichia coli
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D) Candida albicans
Correct Answer: B) Escherichia coli
Rationale: Escherichia coli is the most common causative organism of urinary tract infections,
accounting for approximately 80% of uncomplicated UTIs. It is a normal inhabitant of the
gastrointestinal tract.
5. A patient with pyelonephritis is experiencing flank pain, fever, and tachycardia. This
presentation is most consistent with:
A) Cystitis
B) Urethritis
,C) Pyelonephritis
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria
Correct Answer: C) Pyelonephritis
Rationale: Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney that presents with systemic symptoms
including fever, flank pain, and tachycardia. Cystitis is a bladder infection with more localized
symptoms such as dysuria and suprapubic pain.
6. How does the nurse differentiate between a UTI and pyelonephritis?
A) Pyelonephritis has more systemic symptoms and higher fever
B) UTI has higher fever and flank pain
C) Pyelonephritis causes only dysuria
D) UTI causes nausea and vomiting
Correct Answer: A) Pyelonephritis has more systemic symptoms and higher fever
Rationale: Pyelonephritis is characterized by more systemic symptoms, including higher-grade
fever and tachycardia, compared to a simple UTI. Flank pain is also a distinguishing feature of
pyelonephritis.
7. Which type of urinary tract infection is most common in older adults and often presents with
confusion?
A) Asymptomatic bacteriuria
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Cystitis
D) Urosepsis
, Correct Answer: C) Cystitis
Rationale: In older adults, cystitis (bladder infection) often presents atypically with confusion or
behavioral changes rather than classic symptoms of frequency, urgency, or dysuria.
8. What is the most common type of kidney stone?
A) Uric acid stone
B) Calcium oxalate stone
C) Struvite stone
D) Cystine stone
Correct Answer: B) Calcium oxalate stone
Rationale: Calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of kidney stones, accounting for
approximately 80% of cases. They are associated with hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria.
9. Which diagnostic test is used to diagnose kidney stones?
A) Ultrasound
B) CT scan
C) MRI
D) X-ray
Correct Answer: B) CT scan
Rationale: A CT scan is the preferred diagnostic test for identifying kidney stones, as it can
detect stones of various compositions and sizes.
College
1. A nurse is assessing a patient with acute glomerulonephritis. Which finding is most
characteristic of this condition?
A) Polyuria and polydipsia
B) Hematuria and proteinuria
C) Hypotension and bradycardia
D) Hypercalcemia and hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: B) Hematuria and proteinuria
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, leading
to hematuria (blood in urine) and proteinuria (protein in urine). It can also cause edema and
hypertension. Polyuria and polydipsia are associated with diabetes insipidus.
2. A patient is diagnosed with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. The nurse understands
this condition is caused by:
A) A direct bacterial infection of the kidneys
B) An immune response following a streptococcal infection
C) A fungal infection of the glomeruli
D) A viral infection of the renal tubules
Correct Answer: B) An immune response following a streptococcal infection
Rationale: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis occurs as an immune-mediated response
following a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat or impetigo. Immune complexes deposit
in the glomeruli, causing inflammation.
,3. Which assessment finding is most concerning in a patient with acute glomerulonephritis?
A) Blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg
B) Urine output of 50 mL/hr
C) Serum potassium of 4.0 mEq/L
D) Mild periorbital edema
Correct Answer: A) Blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg
Rationale: Severe hypertension in glomerulonephritis can lead to hypertensive encephalopathy,
seizures, and stroke. Close monitoring and management of blood pressure are critical.
4. What is the most common cause of urinary tract infections?
A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Escherichia coli
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D) Candida albicans
Correct Answer: B) Escherichia coli
Rationale: Escherichia coli is the most common causative organism of urinary tract infections,
accounting for approximately 80% of uncomplicated UTIs. It is a normal inhabitant of the
gastrointestinal tract.
5. A patient with pyelonephritis is experiencing flank pain, fever, and tachycardia. This
presentation is most consistent with:
A) Cystitis
B) Urethritis
,C) Pyelonephritis
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria
Correct Answer: C) Pyelonephritis
Rationale: Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney that presents with systemic symptoms
including fever, flank pain, and tachycardia. Cystitis is a bladder infection with more localized
symptoms such as dysuria and suprapubic pain.
6. How does the nurse differentiate between a UTI and pyelonephritis?
A) Pyelonephritis has more systemic symptoms and higher fever
B) UTI has higher fever and flank pain
C) Pyelonephritis causes only dysuria
D) UTI causes nausea and vomiting
Correct Answer: A) Pyelonephritis has more systemic symptoms and higher fever
Rationale: Pyelonephritis is characterized by more systemic symptoms, including higher-grade
fever and tachycardia, compared to a simple UTI. Flank pain is also a distinguishing feature of
pyelonephritis.
7. Which type of urinary tract infection is most common in older adults and often presents with
confusion?
A) Asymptomatic bacteriuria
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Cystitis
D) Urosepsis
, Correct Answer: C) Cystitis
Rationale: In older adults, cystitis (bladder infection) often presents atypically with confusion or
behavioral changes rather than classic symptoms of frequency, urgency, or dysuria.
8. What is the most common type of kidney stone?
A) Uric acid stone
B) Calcium oxalate stone
C) Struvite stone
D) Cystine stone
Correct Answer: B) Calcium oxalate stone
Rationale: Calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of kidney stones, accounting for
approximately 80% of cases. They are associated with hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria.
9. Which diagnostic test is used to diagnose kidney stones?
A) Ultrasound
B) CT scan
C) MRI
D) X-ray
Correct Answer: B) CT scan
Rationale: A CT scan is the preferred diagnostic test for identifying kidney stones, as it can
detect stones of various compositions and sizes.
