UPDATE 2026
Bioecological theory - Answers Development is shaped by the person and their
environment.
Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory - Answers Children actively construct
knowledge through stages of thinking.
Information-processing theory - Answers Development involves changes in how
information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.
Gross motor development - Answers Development of large-muscle movements like
walking, running, and jumping.
Fine motor development - Answers Development of small-muscle movements used
for precise actions.
Classical conditioning - Answers Learning by associating two stimuli until one
triggers a response.
Operant conditioning - Answers Learning through consequences that increase or
decrease behaviors.
Observational learning - Answers Learning by watching and imitating other people.
Reinforcement - Answers A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior.
Encoding - Answers The process of putting information into memory.
Storage - Answers Keeping information in memory over time.
Retrieval - Answers Accessing information stored in memory.
Reasoning - Answers Using information to figure something out or reach a
conclusion.
Inductive reasoning - Answers Using specific observations or facts to reach a general
conclusion.
Deductive reasoning - Answers Using a general rule or principle to reach a specific
conclusion.
Problem solving - Answers Finding a way to reach a goal when the solution is not
obvious.
Strategy - Answers A planned approach used to solve a problem or reach a goal.
Metacognition - Answers Thinking about and controlling your own thinking.
Working memory - Answers Temporarily holding and using information while
completing a task.
, Feedback - Answers Information about performance that helps a learner improve.
Math sense - Answers Understanding numbers, quantities, and how they relate to
each other.
Hierarchical learning - Answers New skills build on skills learned earlier.
General intelligence (g) - Answers A broad mental ability involved in reasoning and
solving problems.
Gardner's multiple intelligences theory - Answers The theory that intelligence
consists of multiple different abilities.
Linguistic intelligence - Answers Ability to use and understand language effectively.
Logical-mathematical intelligence - Answers Ability to reason, calculate, and solve
logical problems.
Spatial intelligence - Answers Ability to visualize and understand spatial
relationships.
Musical intelligence - Answers Ability to understand and work with music and
sound.
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence - Answers Ability to use the body skillfully to solve
problems or create.
Interpersonal intelligence - Answers Ability to understand and interact effectively
with other people.
Intrapersonal intelligence - Answers Ability to understand your own emotions,
motives, and thoughts.
Naturalistic intelligence - Answers Ability to recognize and understand patterns in
nature.
Flynn effect - Answers The rise in average intelligence test scores observed across
generations.
Nature vs. nurture debate - Answers The debate over how genes and environment
influence intelligence and development.
Genes - Answers Biological factors inherited from parents that can influence
development and intelligence.
Environment - Answers External experiences and conditions that can influence
development and intelligence.
Testing of differences - Answers The study of how people differ in abilities, traits,
and intelligence.
IQ score - Answers A score intended to represent performance on an intelligence test.