HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
CLEP EXAM STUDY GUIDE
The first negative emotion clearly exhibited during infancy is
A. fear
B. shame
C. guilt
D. distress
E. jealousy - Correct Answers -D.
According to behavioral psychologists, which of the following treatments is most likely to
extinguish disruptive behavior in preschool children?
A. Threatening to isolate them immediately after such behavior
B. Ignoring them so that they do not receive the reinforcement they are seeking
C. Punishing them immediately so they understand what they did wrong
D. Discouraging them but not punishing them
E. Reasoning with them and explaining that their behavior is wrong - Correct Answers -
B.
In which of the following stages of development do tissues develop into the endoderm,
ectoderm, and mesoderm germ layers?
A. Germinal
B. Embryonic
C. Fetal
D. Perinatal
E. Neonatal - Correct Answers -B.
A defining characteristic of children with autism spectrum disorder is
A. obsessive attachment to their mothers
B. lack of motor coordination
C. unresponsiveness to others
D. hyperactivity
E. physical abnormality - Correct Answers -C.
Anxiety over performance can positively motivate school achievement in children as
long as the degree of anxiety is
A. very high
B. high
C. moderate
D. low
E. very low - Correct Answers -C.
,According to Jean Piaget, cognitive development begins with which of the following?
A. Preoperations
B. Concrete operations
C. Intuitive thought
D. Sensorimotor activites
E. Formal operations - Correct Answers -*D.*
Social-class differences in vocabulary development result from social-class differences
in the amount of
A. maternal anxiety
B. verbal stimulation
C. paternal illness
D. sibling rivalry
E. marital discord - Correct Answers -B.
Studies in which the same people are tested at different ages are called
A. longitudinal
B. cross-sectional
C. normative
D. naturalistic
E. experimental - Correct Answers -A.
Which of the following is most central to the concept of sensitive period?
A. Growth spurts must occur at specific ages.
B. Children who do not develop at the same time as their peers experience distress.
C. A given function emerges automatically during a particular time period regardless of
learning experiences.
D. Particular experiences are especially influential at a certain time in development.
E. Children go through a negativistic stage as a part of their cognitive development. -
Correct Answers -*D.*
Jimmy saw his favorite candy for sale in the store. He had no money, so he planned to
steal it. However, he changed his mind and decided not to do it, because stealing is
wrong. According to Sigmund Freud's theory, which part of Jimmy's personality
prevented him from stealing?
A. Id
B. Ego
C. Superego
D. Anima
E. Collective unconscious - Correct Answers -*C.*
If reinforcement is to be most effective in the learning of a new behavior, the
reinforcement should be
A. provided as sparingly as possible
B. administered on an intermittent schedule
, C. used primarily with high achievers
D. delayed until the end of the learning period
E. provided soon after the desired behavior occurs - Correct Answers -E.
In Harry Harlow's experiments, infant monkeys raised with only wire or cloth "mothers"
were most at ease in strange situations in the presence of
A. the "mother" who had provided food
B. the "mother" who had provided contact comfort
C. the "mother" who had provided primary drive reduction
D. other young monkeys
E. their biological mothers - Correct Answers -B.
A sudden, loud noise made in the vicinity of a newborn infant is likely to elicit which of
the following reflexes?
A. Babinski
B. Moro
C. Rooting
D. Palmar grasp
E. Stepping - Correct Answers -*B.*
On which of the following types of problems should a four-year-old child and a seven-
year-old child perform most similarly?
A. Conservation of number
B. Classification
C. Transformation
D. Object permanence
E. Superordinate concepts - Correct Answers -*D.*
Red-green color blindness is best described as
A. a sex-linked recessive trait
B. a sex-linked dominant trait
C. an autosomal recessive trait
D. an autosomal dominant trait
E. a trait resulting from chromosomal breakage - Correct Answers -*A.*
Over summer vacation, Gwen sees a boy she knows from school, but she has difficulty
remembering his name. Which of her memory processes is failing in this situation?
A. Storage
B. Retrieval
C. Encoding
D. Short-term memory
E. Sensory memory - Correct Answers -B.
Which of the following people developed a behavioral theory?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Jean Piaget
CLEP EXAM STUDY GUIDE
The first negative emotion clearly exhibited during infancy is
A. fear
B. shame
C. guilt
D. distress
E. jealousy - Correct Answers -D.
According to behavioral psychologists, which of the following treatments is most likely to
extinguish disruptive behavior in preschool children?
A. Threatening to isolate them immediately after such behavior
B. Ignoring them so that they do not receive the reinforcement they are seeking
C. Punishing them immediately so they understand what they did wrong
D. Discouraging them but not punishing them
E. Reasoning with them and explaining that their behavior is wrong - Correct Answers -
B.
In which of the following stages of development do tissues develop into the endoderm,
ectoderm, and mesoderm germ layers?
A. Germinal
B. Embryonic
C. Fetal
D. Perinatal
E. Neonatal - Correct Answers -B.
A defining characteristic of children with autism spectrum disorder is
A. obsessive attachment to their mothers
B. lack of motor coordination
C. unresponsiveness to others
D. hyperactivity
E. physical abnormality - Correct Answers -C.
Anxiety over performance can positively motivate school achievement in children as
long as the degree of anxiety is
A. very high
B. high
C. moderate
D. low
E. very low - Correct Answers -C.
,According to Jean Piaget, cognitive development begins with which of the following?
A. Preoperations
B. Concrete operations
C. Intuitive thought
D. Sensorimotor activites
E. Formal operations - Correct Answers -*D.*
Social-class differences in vocabulary development result from social-class differences
in the amount of
A. maternal anxiety
B. verbal stimulation
C. paternal illness
D. sibling rivalry
E. marital discord - Correct Answers -B.
Studies in which the same people are tested at different ages are called
A. longitudinal
B. cross-sectional
C. normative
D. naturalistic
E. experimental - Correct Answers -A.
Which of the following is most central to the concept of sensitive period?
A. Growth spurts must occur at specific ages.
B. Children who do not develop at the same time as their peers experience distress.
C. A given function emerges automatically during a particular time period regardless of
learning experiences.
D. Particular experiences are especially influential at a certain time in development.
E. Children go through a negativistic stage as a part of their cognitive development. -
Correct Answers -*D.*
Jimmy saw his favorite candy for sale in the store. He had no money, so he planned to
steal it. However, he changed his mind and decided not to do it, because stealing is
wrong. According to Sigmund Freud's theory, which part of Jimmy's personality
prevented him from stealing?
A. Id
B. Ego
C. Superego
D. Anima
E. Collective unconscious - Correct Answers -*C.*
If reinforcement is to be most effective in the learning of a new behavior, the
reinforcement should be
A. provided as sparingly as possible
B. administered on an intermittent schedule
, C. used primarily with high achievers
D. delayed until the end of the learning period
E. provided soon after the desired behavior occurs - Correct Answers -E.
In Harry Harlow's experiments, infant monkeys raised with only wire or cloth "mothers"
were most at ease in strange situations in the presence of
A. the "mother" who had provided food
B. the "mother" who had provided contact comfort
C. the "mother" who had provided primary drive reduction
D. other young monkeys
E. their biological mothers - Correct Answers -B.
A sudden, loud noise made in the vicinity of a newborn infant is likely to elicit which of
the following reflexes?
A. Babinski
B. Moro
C. Rooting
D. Palmar grasp
E. Stepping - Correct Answers -*B.*
On which of the following types of problems should a four-year-old child and a seven-
year-old child perform most similarly?
A. Conservation of number
B. Classification
C. Transformation
D. Object permanence
E. Superordinate concepts - Correct Answers -*D.*
Red-green color blindness is best described as
A. a sex-linked recessive trait
B. a sex-linked dominant trait
C. an autosomal recessive trait
D. an autosomal dominant trait
E. a trait resulting from chromosomal breakage - Correct Answers -*A.*
Over summer vacation, Gwen sees a boy she knows from school, but she has difficulty
remembering his name. Which of her memory processes is failing in this situation?
A. Storage
B. Retrieval
C. Encoding
D. Short-term memory
E. Sensory memory - Correct Answers -B.
Which of the following people developed a behavioral theory?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Jean Piaget
