NSPN 7150 Final Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
What was a common practice before the introduction of artificial
milk? -
correct answer ✅Wet nurses
In 2018, ___% of Canadian women initiated breastfeeding at birth,
but close to ___% of these women stopped breastfeeding before
their infant was one month old. -
correct answer ✅92%, 25%
According to the WHO, exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for
_____ months of age, with continued breastfeeding along with
appropriate complementary foods up to _____ years of age or
beyond -
correct answer ✅Six months, two years.
in 2018, ____% of mothers in Canada breastfed exclusively for six
months or more. -
correct answer ✅38%
List 6 maternal benefits of breastfeeding -
correct answer ✅- enhance the normal postpartum state
(breastfeeding releases oxytocin, promoting uterine involution)
- quicker physical recovery, faster return to pre-pregnancy weight
,NSPN 7150 Final Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
- lactational amenorrhea (natural birth control) -> less iron loss, less
pregnancy risk due to suppression of fertility hormones
- protects against postpartum depression (oxytocin release
decreases stress and enhances mothering behaviours)
- improves long term health (protective effect against breast and
ovarian cancer, T2D, postnatal depression)
- improves food security (safe and always available source of
nutrition for infant)
List 7 infant benefits of breastfeeding -
correct answer ✅- Ideal nutrition for growth
- Optimal brain development and learning potential
- Reduces impact of infections (the four main causes of illness
(respiratory infections, diarrhoeal disease, atopic disease, and other
infections such as UTI and pyrexia) are lower in breastfed children.
It may also protect against acute otitis media in the first 2 years of
life.)
- provides special protection for premature infants (abundance of
IgA, protecting against necrotizing enterocolitis)
- reduces hospital readmission rates among infants (3.6% breastfed
vs. 80% artificially fed for infectious diseases (resp and GI))
,NSPN 7150 Final Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
- improves emotional well-being (builds bond between mother and
infant, reduces pain perception, cholecystokinin release during
feeds induces relaxation and pain relief, human milk sweetness
releases opioids in infant's midbrain for further pain relief)
- protects against SIDS and various diseases (asthma, obesity, T1D,
Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, lymphoma, allergies)
List 3 family and societal benefits to breastfeeding -
correct answer ✅- Cost-effective (powder formula costs $1140 per
year, and ready-to-use formula costs $3780, plus the cost of bottles
and nipples)
- Reduces mortality rates and health care costs (the cost of NOT
breastfeeding: 595379 preventable deaths, with economic losses
estimated to be between 257-341 billion USD)
- Protects the environment (no contamination, packaging, or
associated waste)
Human milk substitute can increase risk of infection through... -
correct answer ✅chemical contamination due to increased
handling and processing, occasionally causing recalls and safety
alerts
, NSPN 7150 Final Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
True or false: human milk substitute increases the risk of increased
crying -
correct answer ✅false
21 dangers of infant formula (for both the child and the mother) -
correct answer ✅For the child: when feeding an infant formula,
they are at an increased risk of having asthma, allergies, ear
infections, high blood pressure and heart disease, respiratory
infections, lower IQ and cognitive development, obesity, iron-
deficiency anemia, SIDS, diabetes, digestive problems, childhood
cancers, exposure to environmental contaminants, sleep apnea,
and dental problems and malocclusions
For the mother: when the mother doesn't breastfeed, she is at an
increased risk of developing diabetes, overweight and obesity,
osteoporosis, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer,
hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and reduced child spacing
Health Canada, Dietitians of Canada, and the Canadian Paediatric
Society recommend only ______________________________ for
infants who are not being breastfed or receiving human milk -
correct answer ✅commercial infant formula
Answers (Grade A+)
What was a common practice before the introduction of artificial
milk? -
correct answer ✅Wet nurses
In 2018, ___% of Canadian women initiated breastfeeding at birth,
but close to ___% of these women stopped breastfeeding before
their infant was one month old. -
correct answer ✅92%, 25%
According to the WHO, exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for
_____ months of age, with continued breastfeeding along with
appropriate complementary foods up to _____ years of age or
beyond -
correct answer ✅Six months, two years.
in 2018, ____% of mothers in Canada breastfed exclusively for six
months or more. -
correct answer ✅38%
List 6 maternal benefits of breastfeeding -
correct answer ✅- enhance the normal postpartum state
(breastfeeding releases oxytocin, promoting uterine involution)
- quicker physical recovery, faster return to pre-pregnancy weight
,NSPN 7150 Final Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
- lactational amenorrhea (natural birth control) -> less iron loss, less
pregnancy risk due to suppression of fertility hormones
- protects against postpartum depression (oxytocin release
decreases stress and enhances mothering behaviours)
- improves long term health (protective effect against breast and
ovarian cancer, T2D, postnatal depression)
- improves food security (safe and always available source of
nutrition for infant)
List 7 infant benefits of breastfeeding -
correct answer ✅- Ideal nutrition for growth
- Optimal brain development and learning potential
- Reduces impact of infections (the four main causes of illness
(respiratory infections, diarrhoeal disease, atopic disease, and other
infections such as UTI and pyrexia) are lower in breastfed children.
It may also protect against acute otitis media in the first 2 years of
life.)
- provides special protection for premature infants (abundance of
IgA, protecting against necrotizing enterocolitis)
- reduces hospital readmission rates among infants (3.6% breastfed
vs. 80% artificially fed for infectious diseases (resp and GI))
,NSPN 7150 Final Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
- improves emotional well-being (builds bond between mother and
infant, reduces pain perception, cholecystokinin release during
feeds induces relaxation and pain relief, human milk sweetness
releases opioids in infant's midbrain for further pain relief)
- protects against SIDS and various diseases (asthma, obesity, T1D,
Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, lymphoma, allergies)
List 3 family and societal benefits to breastfeeding -
correct answer ✅- Cost-effective (powder formula costs $1140 per
year, and ready-to-use formula costs $3780, plus the cost of bottles
and nipples)
- Reduces mortality rates and health care costs (the cost of NOT
breastfeeding: 595379 preventable deaths, with economic losses
estimated to be between 257-341 billion USD)
- Protects the environment (no contamination, packaging, or
associated waste)
Human milk substitute can increase risk of infection through... -
correct answer ✅chemical contamination due to increased
handling and processing, occasionally causing recalls and safety
alerts
, NSPN 7150 Final Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
True or false: human milk substitute increases the risk of increased
crying -
correct answer ✅false
21 dangers of infant formula (for both the child and the mother) -
correct answer ✅For the child: when feeding an infant formula,
they are at an increased risk of having asthma, allergies, ear
infections, high blood pressure and heart disease, respiratory
infections, lower IQ and cognitive development, obesity, iron-
deficiency anemia, SIDS, diabetes, digestive problems, childhood
cancers, exposure to environmental contaminants, sleep apnea,
and dental problems and malocclusions
For the mother: when the mother doesn't breastfeed, she is at an
increased risk of developing diabetes, overweight and obesity,
osteoporosis, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer,
hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and reduced child spacing
Health Canada, Dietitians of Canada, and the Canadian Paediatric
Society recommend only ______________________________ for
infants who are not being breastfed or receiving human milk -
correct answer ✅commercial infant formula
