SPD Exam 1.Final Test Paper 2026\2027.
Phoneme
The smallest unit of sound that can change meaning (e.g., /p/
vs. /b/).
Morpheme
The smallest meaningful unit of language (e.g., -s in cats).
Intelligibility
How much of a speaker's message a listener can understand.
Phonetics
The study of speech sounds: their production, transmission,
and perception.
Phonology
The system and rules a language uses to organize speech
sounds.
Articulation
Physical movement and positioning of speech structures to
produce individual sounds.
Prosody / Suprasegmentals
Features extending across individual sounds, including stress,
rhythm, rate, pitch, and intonation.
Minimal Pairs
, SPD Exam 1.Final Test Paper 2026\2027.
Two words differing by only one phoneme to demonstrate
meaning contrast (e.g., tea/key).
Social-Emotional Impact of SSD
Child may feel embarrassed, frustrated, anxious, or have
reduced confidence.
Interpersonal Impact of SSD
Speech differences can cause peer teasing, misunderstanding,
and reduced conversational participation.
Educational/Occupational Impact of SSD
Reduced intelligibility interferes with classroom participation,
literacy tasks, and later job communication.
Dysarthria
Motor speech disorder from impaired neuromuscular
execution affecting movement strength, speed, and accuracy.
MSD-NOS
Motor Speech Disorder—Not Otherwise Specified; motor-
speech problem lacking specific diagnosis criteria.
Articulation Disorder
Difficulty producing specific speech sounds, involving
phonetic errors like substitutions or distortions.
Phonological Disorder
Phoneme
The smallest unit of sound that can change meaning (e.g., /p/
vs. /b/).
Morpheme
The smallest meaningful unit of language (e.g., -s in cats).
Intelligibility
How much of a speaker's message a listener can understand.
Phonetics
The study of speech sounds: their production, transmission,
and perception.
Phonology
The system and rules a language uses to organize speech
sounds.
Articulation
Physical movement and positioning of speech structures to
produce individual sounds.
Prosody / Suprasegmentals
Features extending across individual sounds, including stress,
rhythm, rate, pitch, and intonation.
Minimal Pairs
, SPD Exam 1.Final Test Paper 2026\2027.
Two words differing by only one phoneme to demonstrate
meaning contrast (e.g., tea/key).
Social-Emotional Impact of SSD
Child may feel embarrassed, frustrated, anxious, or have
reduced confidence.
Interpersonal Impact of SSD
Speech differences can cause peer teasing, misunderstanding,
and reduced conversational participation.
Educational/Occupational Impact of SSD
Reduced intelligibility interferes with classroom participation,
literacy tasks, and later job communication.
Dysarthria
Motor speech disorder from impaired neuromuscular
execution affecting movement strength, speed, and accuracy.
MSD-NOS
Motor Speech Disorder—Not Otherwise Specified; motor-
speech problem lacking specific diagnosis criteria.
Articulation Disorder
Difficulty producing specific speech sounds, involving
phonetic errors like substitutions or distortions.
Phonological Disorder
