SCI 225 Midterm Exam Pathophysiology ACTUAL EXAM
2026/2027 | Pathophysiology | Verified Q&A | Pass
Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Course: SCI 225 – Pathophysiology
Exam: Midterm Exam
Format: 100 questions across six content domains
Section 1: Foundational Principles of Pathophysiology (Q1–Q15)
Q1: What is pathophysiology?
A. The study of how disease alters normal physiological function [CORRECT]
B. The study of the structure of the human body
C. The study of the causes of disease only
D. The study of the treatment of disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because pathophysiology is the study of how disease alters normal
physiological function.
Q2: What is etiology?
A. The cause or origin of a disease [CORRECT]
B. The sequence of mechanisms through which disease develops
C. The predicted outcome of a disease
D. The study of disease occurrence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because etiology refers to the cause or origin of a disease.
Q3: What is pathogenesis?
A. The cause or origin of a disease
B. The sequence of mechanisms through which disease develops [CORRECT]
C. The predicted outcome of a disease
D. The study of disease occurrence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best answer is B because pathogenesis is the sequence of mechanisms through which a
disease develops.
Q4: What is prognosis?
,A. The cause or origin of a disease
B. The sequence of mechanisms through which disease develops
C. The predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery [CORRECT]
D. The study of disease occurrence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The best answer is C because prognosis is the predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery
from a disease.
Q5: What is homeostasis?
A. The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment [CORRECT]
B. The disruption of normal physiological function
C. The cause of a disease
D. The study of disease occurrence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal
environment.
Q6: What is negative feedback?
A. A mechanism that amplifies a process
B. A mechanism that returns a variable toward the normal range [CORRECT]
C. A mechanism that has no effect on a variable
D. A mechanism that causes disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best answer is B because negative feedback returns a variable toward the normal range,
maintaining homeostasis.
Q7: What is positive feedback?
A. A mechanism that returns a variable toward normal
B. A mechanism that amplifies a process [CORRECT]
C. A mechanism that has no effect
D. A mechanism that causes disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best answer is B because positive feedback amplifies a process, such as clotting or
childbirth.
Q8: Which of the following are examples of negative feedback mechanisms? (Select all that apply.)
A. Regulation of blood glucose [CORRECT]
B. Regulation of body temperature [CORRECT]
C. Regulation of blood pressure [CORRECT]
D. Childbirth contractions
, E. Blood clotting
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The best answer is A, B, and C because blood glucose, body temperature, and blood pressure
are regulated by negative feedback.
Q9: Which of the following are examples of positive feedback mechanisms? (Select all that apply.)
A. Childbirth contractions [CORRECT]
B. Blood clotting [CORRECT]
C. Regulation of blood glucose
D. Regulation of body temperature
E. Ovulation
Correct Answer: A, B, E
Rationale: The best answer is A, B, and E because childbirth contractions, blood clotting, and ovulation
are positive feedback mechanisms.
Q10: What is epidemiology?
A. The study of disease occurrence in populations [CORRECT]
B. The study of disease in individuals
C. The study of disease treatment
D. The study of disease prevention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because epidemiology is the study of disease occurrence in populations.
Q11: What is the difference between pathology and pathophysiology?
A. Pathology studies structural changes; pathophysiology studies functional changes [CORRECT]
B. Pathology studies functional changes; pathophysiology studies structural changes
C. Both study structural changes
D. Both study functional changes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because pathology studies structural changes associated with disease,
while pathophysiology studies functional changes.
Q12: What is a sign of a disease?
A. An objective, measurable manifestation [CORRECT]
B. A subjective experience reported by the patient
C. The cause of the disease
D. The outcome of the disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because a sign is an objective, measurable manifestation of a disease.
Q13: What is a symptom of a disease?
2026/2027 | Pathophysiology | Verified Q&A | Pass
Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Course: SCI 225 – Pathophysiology
Exam: Midterm Exam
Format: 100 questions across six content domains
Section 1: Foundational Principles of Pathophysiology (Q1–Q15)
Q1: What is pathophysiology?
A. The study of how disease alters normal physiological function [CORRECT]
B. The study of the structure of the human body
C. The study of the causes of disease only
D. The study of the treatment of disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because pathophysiology is the study of how disease alters normal
physiological function.
Q2: What is etiology?
A. The cause or origin of a disease [CORRECT]
B. The sequence of mechanisms through which disease develops
C. The predicted outcome of a disease
D. The study of disease occurrence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because etiology refers to the cause or origin of a disease.
Q3: What is pathogenesis?
A. The cause or origin of a disease
B. The sequence of mechanisms through which disease develops [CORRECT]
C. The predicted outcome of a disease
D. The study of disease occurrence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best answer is B because pathogenesis is the sequence of mechanisms through which a
disease develops.
Q4: What is prognosis?
,A. The cause or origin of a disease
B. The sequence of mechanisms through which disease develops
C. The predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery [CORRECT]
D. The study of disease occurrence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The best answer is C because prognosis is the predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery
from a disease.
Q5: What is homeostasis?
A. The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment [CORRECT]
B. The disruption of normal physiological function
C. The cause of a disease
D. The study of disease occurrence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal
environment.
Q6: What is negative feedback?
A. A mechanism that amplifies a process
B. A mechanism that returns a variable toward the normal range [CORRECT]
C. A mechanism that has no effect on a variable
D. A mechanism that causes disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best answer is B because negative feedback returns a variable toward the normal range,
maintaining homeostasis.
Q7: What is positive feedback?
A. A mechanism that returns a variable toward normal
B. A mechanism that amplifies a process [CORRECT]
C. A mechanism that has no effect
D. A mechanism that causes disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best answer is B because positive feedback amplifies a process, such as clotting or
childbirth.
Q8: Which of the following are examples of negative feedback mechanisms? (Select all that apply.)
A. Regulation of blood glucose [CORRECT]
B. Regulation of body temperature [CORRECT]
C. Regulation of blood pressure [CORRECT]
D. Childbirth contractions
, E. Blood clotting
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The best answer is A, B, and C because blood glucose, body temperature, and blood pressure
are regulated by negative feedback.
Q9: Which of the following are examples of positive feedback mechanisms? (Select all that apply.)
A. Childbirth contractions [CORRECT]
B. Blood clotting [CORRECT]
C. Regulation of blood glucose
D. Regulation of body temperature
E. Ovulation
Correct Answer: A, B, E
Rationale: The best answer is A, B, and E because childbirth contractions, blood clotting, and ovulation
are positive feedback mechanisms.
Q10: What is epidemiology?
A. The study of disease occurrence in populations [CORRECT]
B. The study of disease in individuals
C. The study of disease treatment
D. The study of disease prevention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because epidemiology is the study of disease occurrence in populations.
Q11: What is the difference between pathology and pathophysiology?
A. Pathology studies structural changes; pathophysiology studies functional changes [CORRECT]
B. Pathology studies functional changes; pathophysiology studies structural changes
C. Both study structural changes
D. Both study functional changes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because pathology studies structural changes associated with disease,
while pathophysiology studies functional changes.
Q12: What is a sign of a disease?
A. An objective, measurable manifestation [CORRECT]
B. A subjective experience reported by the patient
C. The cause of the disease
D. The outcome of the disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because a sign is an objective, measurable manifestation of a disease.
Q13: What is a symptom of a disease?
