,Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care, 7th Edition
1 Clinical Reasoning, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
2 Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines
3 Contemporary Approaches in Primary Care Settings
4 Abdominal Pain
5 Affective Changes
6 Amenorrhea
7 Breast Lumps and Nipple Discharge
8 Breast Pain
9 Chest Pain
10 Confusion in Older Adults
11 Constipation
12 Cough
13 Diarrhea
14 Dizziness
15 Dyspnea
16 Earache
17 Fatigue
18 Fever
19 Genitourinary Problems in Patients With a Penis or Prostate Gland
20 Headache
21 Heartburn and Indigestion
22 Hoarseness
23 Limb Pain: Lower Extremity
24 Limb Pain: Upper Extremity
25 Low Back Pain
26 Nasal Symptoms and Sinus Congestion
27 Palpitations
,28 Penile Discharge
29 Rashes and Skin Lesions
30 Rectal Pain, Itching, and Bleeding
31 Red Eye
32 Scrotal Pain and Masses
33 Sleep Problems
34 Sore Throat
35 Syncope
36 Urinary Incontinence
37 Urinary Problems in Patients With a Vagina and Associated Anatomical Structures
38 Vaginal Bleeding
39 Vaginal Discharge and Itching
40 Vision Loss
41 Unintentional Weight Loss or Gain
42 Care of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Patients
43 Veterans’ Health
44 Abdominal X-Ray
45 Chest X-Ray
, Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 7th Edition
Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
A. Methodical and systematic
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
A. Chief complaint
B. History of the present illness
C. Current vital signs
D. All of the above are essential history components
4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to:
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
D. Foresee unpredictable findings
5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
A. Evidence-based investigations
B. Primary reports of research
C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience
D. Published meta-analyses
6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
B. Clinical practice guidelines
C. Evidence-based research
D. All of the above
7. If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
D. None of the above
8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource based on mathematical modeling
to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or patients?
A. Clinical practice guideline
B. Clinical decision rule
C. Clinical algorithm
1 Clinical Reasoning, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
2 Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines
3 Contemporary Approaches in Primary Care Settings
4 Abdominal Pain
5 Affective Changes
6 Amenorrhea
7 Breast Lumps and Nipple Discharge
8 Breast Pain
9 Chest Pain
10 Confusion in Older Adults
11 Constipation
12 Cough
13 Diarrhea
14 Dizziness
15 Dyspnea
16 Earache
17 Fatigue
18 Fever
19 Genitourinary Problems in Patients With a Penis or Prostate Gland
20 Headache
21 Heartburn and Indigestion
22 Hoarseness
23 Limb Pain: Lower Extremity
24 Limb Pain: Upper Extremity
25 Low Back Pain
26 Nasal Symptoms and Sinus Congestion
27 Palpitations
,28 Penile Discharge
29 Rashes and Skin Lesions
30 Rectal Pain, Itching, and Bleeding
31 Red Eye
32 Scrotal Pain and Masses
33 Sleep Problems
34 Sore Throat
35 Syncope
36 Urinary Incontinence
37 Urinary Problems in Patients With a Vagina and Associated Anatomical Structures
38 Vaginal Bleeding
39 Vaginal Discharge and Itching
40 Vision Loss
41 Unintentional Weight Loss or Gain
42 Care of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Patients
43 Veterans’ Health
44 Abdominal X-Ray
45 Chest X-Ray
, Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 7th Edition
Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
A. Methodical and systematic
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
A. Chief complaint
B. History of the present illness
C. Current vital signs
D. All of the above are essential history components
4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to:
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
D. Foresee unpredictable findings
5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
A. Evidence-based investigations
B. Primary reports of research
C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience
D. Published meta-analyses
6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
B. Clinical practice guidelines
C. Evidence-based research
D. All of the above
7. If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
D. None of the above
8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource based on mathematical modeling
to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or patients?
A. Clinical practice guideline
B. Clinical decision rule
C. Clinical algorithm
