NUR 502 Advanced Pathophysiology Comprehensive
EXAM LATEST VERSION 2026-2027 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
A woman is diagnosed with cholelithiasis. Which finding from the history and physical
examination may have contributed to the development of the condition?
A) The patient's body mass index (BMI) is 40.
B) The patient is a vegetarian
C) The patient drinks 4 ounces of red wine nightly
D) The patient takes 81 mg of aspirin every morning. - answer>>A
Gallstones in the common bile duct in comparison to those in the cystic duct are more likely to
result in
A) right upper quadrant pain
B) jaundice
C) ascites
D) low bilirubin levels. - answer>>B
Which of the following types of viral hepatitis is not associated with the potential development
of chronic hepatitis?
A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type C
D) All of these are correct. - answer>>A
A man is seropositive for viral hepatitis type D, which means
A) he most likely contracted it from eating contaminated food.
B) he has a coinfection with viral hepatitis type B.
C) chronic infection will not develop with this type.
,D) he has an asymptomatic type. - answer>>B
A 60-year-old man was screened for hepatitis C, and the results of the anti-HCV was positive.
This finding means:
A) he was vaccinated, and immunity is present.
B) he has a current infection.
C) he has a previous infection
D) he has a previous or current infection. - answer>>D
Changes in the liver that occur as a result of cirrhosis include:
A) extracellular matrix degradation due to proteolytic activity.
B) decrease in collagen synthesis.
C) inhibition of specialized stellate cells, which depress chemokine release.
D) increased blood flow resulting in liver hypertrophy. - answer>>A
A patient who is an alcoholic for more than 15 years develops acute hematemesis. Esophageal
varices are suspected as the cause. How do these varices develop?
A) Increased vasodilation and decreased vasoconstriction (decreased norepinephrine)
B) Fluid backing up into the abdominal cavity
C) High pressure in the portal system vasculature that leads to engorgement D) Increased
platelets - answer>>C
Which of the following causes a patient with advanced cirrhosis to have dark-colored urine?
A) Red blood cell hemolysis
B) Increased renal excretion of bile
C) Renal thrombosis
D) Impaired clotting factors - answer>>B
A man with cirrhosis has high ammonia levels. This will cause common clinical manifestations
including
, A) cognitive and mental status changes
B) cardiac arrhythmias and constipation.
C) abdominal pain and ulcers.
D) hypogonadism and impotence. - answer>>A
A woman comes in for her annual physical, and she has no concerns. She recently went to the
urgent care with epigastric pain and an upper abdominal ultrasound was normal except for the
finding of a fatty liver. She was diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease and prescribed
an antacid. She denies further episodes of reflux after taking the antacids for 2 weeks. She is a
nonsmoker and has one glass of red wine about 5 times a week. Her past medical includes
hypertension, which is well controlled and type 2 diabetes mellitus for which she takes
metformin and insulin. She has a history of gout and her last flare was 1 year ago. Her physical
examination is unremarkable except for a BMI of 35.
What are likely reasons for the fatty liver?
A) Gout
B) Her BMI of 35
C) Type 2 diabetes mellitus
D) Gastroesophageal reflux disease
E) Both her BMI of 35 and type 2 diabetes mellitus - answer>>E
26. Which of the following is a common cause of chronic pancreatitis, portal hypertension, and
cirrhosis?
A) Smoking
B) Obesity
C) Alcoholism
D) Unsafe sex - answer>>C
Clostridium difficile infection will cause diarrhea that is:
A) small in quantity and frequent.
B) large and loose and provoked by eating.
C) large with melena present
EXAM LATEST VERSION 2026-2027 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
A woman is diagnosed with cholelithiasis. Which finding from the history and physical
examination may have contributed to the development of the condition?
A) The patient's body mass index (BMI) is 40.
B) The patient is a vegetarian
C) The patient drinks 4 ounces of red wine nightly
D) The patient takes 81 mg of aspirin every morning. - answer>>A
Gallstones in the common bile duct in comparison to those in the cystic duct are more likely to
result in
A) right upper quadrant pain
B) jaundice
C) ascites
D) low bilirubin levels. - answer>>B
Which of the following types of viral hepatitis is not associated with the potential development
of chronic hepatitis?
A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type C
D) All of these are correct. - answer>>A
A man is seropositive for viral hepatitis type D, which means
A) he most likely contracted it from eating contaminated food.
B) he has a coinfection with viral hepatitis type B.
C) chronic infection will not develop with this type.
,D) he has an asymptomatic type. - answer>>B
A 60-year-old man was screened for hepatitis C, and the results of the anti-HCV was positive.
This finding means:
A) he was vaccinated, and immunity is present.
B) he has a current infection.
C) he has a previous infection
D) he has a previous or current infection. - answer>>D
Changes in the liver that occur as a result of cirrhosis include:
A) extracellular matrix degradation due to proteolytic activity.
B) decrease in collagen synthesis.
C) inhibition of specialized stellate cells, which depress chemokine release.
D) increased blood flow resulting in liver hypertrophy. - answer>>A
A patient who is an alcoholic for more than 15 years develops acute hematemesis. Esophageal
varices are suspected as the cause. How do these varices develop?
A) Increased vasodilation and decreased vasoconstriction (decreased norepinephrine)
B) Fluid backing up into the abdominal cavity
C) High pressure in the portal system vasculature that leads to engorgement D) Increased
platelets - answer>>C
Which of the following causes a patient with advanced cirrhosis to have dark-colored urine?
A) Red blood cell hemolysis
B) Increased renal excretion of bile
C) Renal thrombosis
D) Impaired clotting factors - answer>>B
A man with cirrhosis has high ammonia levels. This will cause common clinical manifestations
including
, A) cognitive and mental status changes
B) cardiac arrhythmias and constipation.
C) abdominal pain and ulcers.
D) hypogonadism and impotence. - answer>>A
A woman comes in for her annual physical, and she has no concerns. She recently went to the
urgent care with epigastric pain and an upper abdominal ultrasound was normal except for the
finding of a fatty liver. She was diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease and prescribed
an antacid. She denies further episodes of reflux after taking the antacids for 2 weeks. She is a
nonsmoker and has one glass of red wine about 5 times a week. Her past medical includes
hypertension, which is well controlled and type 2 diabetes mellitus for which she takes
metformin and insulin. She has a history of gout and her last flare was 1 year ago. Her physical
examination is unremarkable except for a BMI of 35.
What are likely reasons for the fatty liver?
A) Gout
B) Her BMI of 35
C) Type 2 diabetes mellitus
D) Gastroesophageal reflux disease
E) Both her BMI of 35 and type 2 diabetes mellitus - answer>>E
26. Which of the following is a common cause of chronic pancreatitis, portal hypertension, and
cirrhosis?
A) Smoking
B) Obesity
C) Alcoholism
D) Unsafe sex - answer>>C
Clostridium difficile infection will cause diarrhea that is:
A) small in quantity and frequent.
B) large and loose and provoked by eating.
C) large with melena present
