WGU D236 Pathophysiology Objective
Assessment (OA) – Verified Questions &
Answers | 2026/2027 Study Guide
Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream? - correct answer-Oncotic
Oncotic - correct answer-a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
In the blood, _____ is the most common plasma protein and is, therefore, a
primary determinant of oncotic pressure - correct answer-albumin
_____ controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume - correct
answer-Albumin
One question was about the difference in children and adult immunity - correct
answer-Possible answer: naive T cells
Learning check question: Which differences in immunity make children and older
adult patients more susceptible to infections? Choose 2 answers
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
,Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have more memory cells to combat infection
Younger patients have a large population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have a large population of naive T cells - correct answer-
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
Rationale: younger patients have not been exposed to many pathogens, which
means that they have fewer memory cells than adults. The primary immune
response is relatively weak compared to a secondary response mediated by
memory cells.
Older adult patients do not have as many T cells compared to younger patients.
When these patients encounter novel pathogens, the reduced number of naive T
cells gives clonal selection fewer opportunities to "find" T cells that will be
effective.
Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _______, which regulates actions
such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS. - correct answer-osmoreceptors
Fluid deficit causes - correct answer--Excessive loss
-Inadequate intake
-Or combination of both
,Fluid deficit risk factors - correct answer--Vomiting/diarrhea
-Excessive sweating
-Insufficient water intake
Fluid deficit manifestations - correct answer--dry mucous membranes
-decreased skin turgor
-decreased urine output
-low blood pressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
ROME for ABGs - correct answer-Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
If pH and pCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then it is pCO2 levels that are
causing the imbalance and it is respiratory in nature
If they are moving the same direction then it is metabolic in nature
Buffers, renal compensation, and respiratory compensation help to maintain a
blood pH of _______ - correct answer-7.35-7.45
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2 level and a
blood pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly. What condition does the patient have?
Metabolic alkalosis
, Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis - correct answer-Metabolic alkalosis
The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating (moving in the same direction).
This indicates metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high because her respiratory
system is attempting to compensate for the high pH by exhaling less and retaining
more CO2
To prevent changes in pH, the body employs buffer systems. The body utilizes 3
buffer systems: - correct answer-proteins, phosphates, and the carbonic acid-
bicarbonate system
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system first line of defense is _____, second line of
defense is _____ - correct answer-respirations; kidneys
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system equation - correct answer-The equation moves
in both directions
CABS Equation:
When CO2 levels are elevated, the equation moves ________, forming more H+
and HCO3- ions - correct answer-toward the right
CABS Equation:
When H+ ions are elevated, the equation moves _____, as H+ ions are converted
to CO2 and the CO2 is exhaled. - correct answer-toward the left
Assessment (OA) – Verified Questions &
Answers | 2026/2027 Study Guide
Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream? - correct answer-Oncotic
Oncotic - correct answer-a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
In the blood, _____ is the most common plasma protein and is, therefore, a
primary determinant of oncotic pressure - correct answer-albumin
_____ controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume - correct
answer-Albumin
One question was about the difference in children and adult immunity - correct
answer-Possible answer: naive T cells
Learning check question: Which differences in immunity make children and older
adult patients more susceptible to infections? Choose 2 answers
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
,Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have more memory cells to combat infection
Younger patients have a large population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have a large population of naive T cells - correct answer-
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
Rationale: younger patients have not been exposed to many pathogens, which
means that they have fewer memory cells than adults. The primary immune
response is relatively weak compared to a secondary response mediated by
memory cells.
Older adult patients do not have as many T cells compared to younger patients.
When these patients encounter novel pathogens, the reduced number of naive T
cells gives clonal selection fewer opportunities to "find" T cells that will be
effective.
Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _______, which regulates actions
such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS. - correct answer-osmoreceptors
Fluid deficit causes - correct answer--Excessive loss
-Inadequate intake
-Or combination of both
,Fluid deficit risk factors - correct answer--Vomiting/diarrhea
-Excessive sweating
-Insufficient water intake
Fluid deficit manifestations - correct answer--dry mucous membranes
-decreased skin turgor
-decreased urine output
-low blood pressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
ROME for ABGs - correct answer-Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
If pH and pCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then it is pCO2 levels that are
causing the imbalance and it is respiratory in nature
If they are moving the same direction then it is metabolic in nature
Buffers, renal compensation, and respiratory compensation help to maintain a
blood pH of _______ - correct answer-7.35-7.45
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2 level and a
blood pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly. What condition does the patient have?
Metabolic alkalosis
, Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis - correct answer-Metabolic alkalosis
The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating (moving in the same direction).
This indicates metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high because her respiratory
system is attempting to compensate for the high pH by exhaling less and retaining
more CO2
To prevent changes in pH, the body employs buffer systems. The body utilizes 3
buffer systems: - correct answer-proteins, phosphates, and the carbonic acid-
bicarbonate system
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system first line of defense is _____, second line of
defense is _____ - correct answer-respirations; kidneys
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system equation - correct answer-The equation moves
in both directions
CABS Equation:
When CO2 levels are elevated, the equation moves ________, forming more H+
and HCO3- ions - correct answer-toward the right
CABS Equation:
When H+ ions are elevated, the equation moves _____, as H+ ions are converted
to CO2 and the CO2 is exhaled. - correct answer-toward the left
