BIOL 252 Module 4 | Human Anatomy & Physiology II
w/Lab Exam Q&A | Portage Learning
These are original practice questions written for study. They are not official BIOL 252,
Portage Learning, or university exam questions and are not copied from any
copyrighted question bank. They cover common BIOL 252 Module 4 | Human Anatomy
& Physiology II topics, including the urinary system, fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-
base balance, and related clinical applications with NCLEX-style framing.
Question 1:
Which structure is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. Glomerulus
B. Nephron
C. Renal pelvis
D. Ureter
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for urine
formation.
Question 2:
Where does filtration occur in the nephron?
A. Loop of Henle
B. Distal tubule
C. Glomerulus
D. Collecting duct
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Filtration occurs at the glomerulus into Bowman's capsule.
Question 3:
Which structure carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?
A. Urethra
B. Ureter
C. Renal pelvis
D. Collecting duct
,Correct answer: B
Rationale: The ureter transports urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder.
Question 4:
Which structure stores urine before elimination?
A. Ureter
B. Urethra
C. Urinary bladder
D. Renal pelvis
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The urinary bladder stores urine until micturition.
Question 5:
Which structure carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body?
A. Ureter
B. Urethra
C. Renal pelvis
D. Collecting duct
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The urethra carries urine from the bladder to the exterior.
Question 6:
Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Atrial natriuretic peptide
D. Insulin
Correct answer: B
Rationale: ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts.
Question 7:
Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption?
A. ADH
B. Aldosterone
, C. ANP
D. Cortisol
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.
Question 8:
Which hormone promotes sodium excretion?
A. Aldosterone
B. ADH
C. Atrial natriuretic peptide
D. Cortisol
Correct answer: C
Rationale: ANP promotes sodium and water excretion in response to atrial stretch.
Question 9:
Normal urine output for an adult is at least:
A. 10 mL/hr
B. 30 mL/hr
C. 60 mL/hr
D. 100 mL/hr
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Minimum urine output is 30 mL/hr to adequately clear waste products.
Question 10:
Which finding indicates fluid volume deficit?
A. Bounding pulse
B. Decreased skin turgor
C. Crackles in lungs
D. Distended neck veins
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Decreased skin turgor indicates dehydration.
Question 11:
A client with a urinary tract infection may report:
w/Lab Exam Q&A | Portage Learning
These are original practice questions written for study. They are not official BIOL 252,
Portage Learning, or university exam questions and are not copied from any
copyrighted question bank. They cover common BIOL 252 Module 4 | Human Anatomy
& Physiology II topics, including the urinary system, fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-
base balance, and related clinical applications with NCLEX-style framing.
Question 1:
Which structure is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. Glomerulus
B. Nephron
C. Renal pelvis
D. Ureter
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for urine
formation.
Question 2:
Where does filtration occur in the nephron?
A. Loop of Henle
B. Distal tubule
C. Glomerulus
D. Collecting duct
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Filtration occurs at the glomerulus into Bowman's capsule.
Question 3:
Which structure carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?
A. Urethra
B. Ureter
C. Renal pelvis
D. Collecting duct
,Correct answer: B
Rationale: The ureter transports urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder.
Question 4:
Which structure stores urine before elimination?
A. Ureter
B. Urethra
C. Urinary bladder
D. Renal pelvis
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The urinary bladder stores urine until micturition.
Question 5:
Which structure carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body?
A. Ureter
B. Urethra
C. Renal pelvis
D. Collecting duct
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The urethra carries urine from the bladder to the exterior.
Question 6:
Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Atrial natriuretic peptide
D. Insulin
Correct answer: B
Rationale: ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts.
Question 7:
Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption?
A. ADH
B. Aldosterone
, C. ANP
D. Cortisol
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.
Question 8:
Which hormone promotes sodium excretion?
A. Aldosterone
B. ADH
C. Atrial natriuretic peptide
D. Cortisol
Correct answer: C
Rationale: ANP promotes sodium and water excretion in response to atrial stretch.
Question 9:
Normal urine output for an adult is at least:
A. 10 mL/hr
B. 30 mL/hr
C. 60 mL/hr
D. 100 mL/hr
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Minimum urine output is 30 mL/hr to adequately clear waste products.
Question 10:
Which finding indicates fluid volume deficit?
A. Bounding pulse
B. Decreased skin turgor
C. Crackles in lungs
D. Distended neck veins
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Decreased skin turgor indicates dehydration.
Question 11:
A client with a urinary tract infection may report:
