ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2026 UPDATE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW VISION)
What is the role of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? - ANS-Lipid synthesis and cell-specific
functions
What are the three phases of Interphase? - ANS-G1 (growth phase 1), S (DNA replication), G2
(growth phase 2)
What is the purpose of Mitosis? - ANS-To divide the cell and separate duplicated DNA into two
new cells.
List the stages of Mitosis. - ANS-Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
What happens during Prophase? - ANS-The nuclear membrane breaks up.
What occurs during Metaphase? - ANS-Replicated DNAs align at the cell's midline.
What is the shortest phase of Mitosis? - ANS-Anaphase.
What happens during Anaphase? - ANS-DNA separates and is pulled toward opposite poles.
What occurs during Telophase? - ANS-New nuclear membranes form around the separated
DNA.
, What is Cytokinesis? - ANS-The process where two daughter cells are pinched apart and the
cytoplasm is divided.
What are some key chemical concepts important for Anatomy & Physiology? - ANS-pH,
acid/base balance, and water movement.
What are the two main categories of chemical compounds? - ANS-Organic and inorganic
compounds.
What defines inorganic compounds? - ANS-They do not contain carbon and include water,
salts, and many acids and bases.
What are organic compounds primarily composed of? - ANS-Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and
nucleic acids (DNA).
What is the most abundant inorganic compound in living cells? - ANS-Water, accounting for
60%-80% of cell volume.
List one important property of water. - ANS-High heat capacity, allowing it to absorb and
release heat with minimal temperature change.
What is the significance of water's high heat of vaporization? - ANS-It requires large amounts of
heat for evaporation, serving as a cooling mechanism.
How does water function as a polar solvent? - ANS-It dissolves and dissociates ionic
substances, acting as the body's major transport medium.
What role does water play in chemical reactions? - ANS-It is necessary for hydrolysis and
dehydration synthesis reactions.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW VISION)
What is the role of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? - ANS-Lipid synthesis and cell-specific
functions
What are the three phases of Interphase? - ANS-G1 (growth phase 1), S (DNA replication), G2
(growth phase 2)
What is the purpose of Mitosis? - ANS-To divide the cell and separate duplicated DNA into two
new cells.
List the stages of Mitosis. - ANS-Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
What happens during Prophase? - ANS-The nuclear membrane breaks up.
What occurs during Metaphase? - ANS-Replicated DNAs align at the cell's midline.
What is the shortest phase of Mitosis? - ANS-Anaphase.
What happens during Anaphase? - ANS-DNA separates and is pulled toward opposite poles.
What occurs during Telophase? - ANS-New nuclear membranes form around the separated
DNA.
, What is Cytokinesis? - ANS-The process where two daughter cells are pinched apart and the
cytoplasm is divided.
What are some key chemical concepts important for Anatomy & Physiology? - ANS-pH,
acid/base balance, and water movement.
What are the two main categories of chemical compounds? - ANS-Organic and inorganic
compounds.
What defines inorganic compounds? - ANS-They do not contain carbon and include water,
salts, and many acids and bases.
What are organic compounds primarily composed of? - ANS-Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and
nucleic acids (DNA).
What is the most abundant inorganic compound in living cells? - ANS-Water, accounting for
60%-80% of cell volume.
List one important property of water. - ANS-High heat capacity, allowing it to absorb and
release heat with minimal temperature change.
What is the significance of water's high heat of vaporization? - ANS-It requires large amounts of
heat for evaporation, serving as a cooling mechanism.
How does water function as a polar solvent? - ANS-It dissolves and dissociates ionic
substances, acting as the body's major transport medium.
What role does water play in chemical reactions? - ANS-It is necessary for hydrolysis and
dehydration synthesis reactions.
