GERONTOLOGY HESI COMPREHENSIVE
EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
●● You are providing care to a patient who has recently begun dialysis.
Her daughter, with whom she lives and who prepares many of her meals,
asks what types of foods she should incorporate into her diet and which
she should avoid. Which of the following is NOT a food that this patient
should be advised to avoid?
Avocado.
Lean red meat.
Dried fruit.
Bananas.
Answer: Lean red meat
Dialysis patients are encouraged to eat lean meat, including red meat.
High quality proteins produce less waste and help the body heal and
maintain regular processes. Dialysis patients should avoid foods high in
potassium, including avocado, banana, and dried fruit, and should eat
other potassium-containing foods in moderation.
●● Your 89-year-old patient presents with dyspepsia and nausea. After
testing, you determine she is positive for Peptic Ulcer Disease. Of the
,following, which would LEAST likely be a differential diagnosis for
Peptic Ulcer Disease?
Cholecystitis.
Migraines.
Gastric carcinoma.
Cardiovascular disease.
Answer: Migraines
Peptic Ulcer Disease is a gastrointestinal disorder. Other differential
diagnoses of the condition are pancreatitis and biliary tract disease.
●● There are a good many diseases affecting the elderly that are the
result of smoking. Counseling regarding smoking cessation is part of the
GNP's job. The components of brief intervention for treating tobacco use
are:
Counsel, Document, Caution, Describe, Demonstrate
Advise, Confer, Describe, Document, Prescribe
Advise, Counsel, Intervene, Prescribe, Follow-up
Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange
Answer: Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange
,Ask about tobacco use, Advise to quit, Assess willingness to make an
attempt to quit, Assist in this quit attempt. Arrange a follow-up.
●● Mrs. Frasier, an 50-year-old patient, presents with a mosquito bite
that she is concerned about. How do you diagnose this?
Cyst.
Bulla.
Wheal.
Plaques.
Answer: Wheal
Cyst: encapsulated, fluid-filled mass that varies in size. Bulla: fluid-
filled, elevated, circumscribed lesion that's larger than 5mm. Wheal:
circumscribed, reddening with transient elevation lesion that's 0.5 to
10mm diameter. Plaques: usually a grouping of papules; elevated and a
variety of shapes; larger than 5mm.
●● Which of the following groups should be tested for abdominal aortic
aneurysm?
males aged 65-75 who have ever smoked
females aged 65-75 who have hypertension
males and females over 75
, females over 75
Answer: males aged 65-75 who have ever smoked
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is more prevalent in males than in
females. The American Heart Association recommends screening males
once between ages 65-75 if they have ever smoked since that increases
the risk of AAA.
●● With a giardia lamblia diagnosis, the NP would MOST likely
prescribe what medication?
Metronidazole.
Erythromycin.
Ampicillin.
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Answer: Metronidazole.
The preceding drugs are typically used in treating the following: -
Campylobacter jejuni: Erythromycin - Salmonella: Ampicillin - Shigella:
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole - Giardia lamblia: Metronidazole
●● A 65-year-old Caucasian male calls your office. He tells you he just
came in from the woods and discovered a tick on his upper right thigh.
EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
●● You are providing care to a patient who has recently begun dialysis.
Her daughter, with whom she lives and who prepares many of her meals,
asks what types of foods she should incorporate into her diet and which
she should avoid. Which of the following is NOT a food that this patient
should be advised to avoid?
Avocado.
Lean red meat.
Dried fruit.
Bananas.
Answer: Lean red meat
Dialysis patients are encouraged to eat lean meat, including red meat.
High quality proteins produce less waste and help the body heal and
maintain regular processes. Dialysis patients should avoid foods high in
potassium, including avocado, banana, and dried fruit, and should eat
other potassium-containing foods in moderation.
●● Your 89-year-old patient presents with dyspepsia and nausea. After
testing, you determine she is positive for Peptic Ulcer Disease. Of the
,following, which would LEAST likely be a differential diagnosis for
Peptic Ulcer Disease?
Cholecystitis.
Migraines.
Gastric carcinoma.
Cardiovascular disease.
Answer: Migraines
Peptic Ulcer Disease is a gastrointestinal disorder. Other differential
diagnoses of the condition are pancreatitis and biliary tract disease.
●● There are a good many diseases affecting the elderly that are the
result of smoking. Counseling regarding smoking cessation is part of the
GNP's job. The components of brief intervention for treating tobacco use
are:
Counsel, Document, Caution, Describe, Demonstrate
Advise, Confer, Describe, Document, Prescribe
Advise, Counsel, Intervene, Prescribe, Follow-up
Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange
Answer: Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange
,Ask about tobacco use, Advise to quit, Assess willingness to make an
attempt to quit, Assist in this quit attempt. Arrange a follow-up.
●● Mrs. Frasier, an 50-year-old patient, presents with a mosquito bite
that she is concerned about. How do you diagnose this?
Cyst.
Bulla.
Wheal.
Plaques.
Answer: Wheal
Cyst: encapsulated, fluid-filled mass that varies in size. Bulla: fluid-
filled, elevated, circumscribed lesion that's larger than 5mm. Wheal:
circumscribed, reddening with transient elevation lesion that's 0.5 to
10mm diameter. Plaques: usually a grouping of papules; elevated and a
variety of shapes; larger than 5mm.
●● Which of the following groups should be tested for abdominal aortic
aneurysm?
males aged 65-75 who have ever smoked
females aged 65-75 who have hypertension
males and females over 75
, females over 75
Answer: males aged 65-75 who have ever smoked
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is more prevalent in males than in
females. The American Heart Association recommends screening males
once between ages 65-75 if they have ever smoked since that increases
the risk of AAA.
●● With a giardia lamblia diagnosis, the NP would MOST likely
prescribe what medication?
Metronidazole.
Erythromycin.
Ampicillin.
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Answer: Metronidazole.
The preceding drugs are typically used in treating the following: -
Campylobacter jejuni: Erythromycin - Salmonella: Ampicillin - Shigella:
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole - Giardia lamblia: Metronidazole
●● A 65-year-old Caucasian male calls your office. He tells you he just
came in from the woods and discovered a tick on his upper right thigh.
