MICB 4131 EXAMS SCRIPT ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Chemokine - ✔✔Proteins that induce chemotaxis
✔✔Chemokine families - ✔✔CC, CXC, CX3C
✔✔Chemokine receptors - ✔✔CCR, CXCR, and CX3CR
✔✔CCR5/CXCR4 - ✔✔2 co-receptors needed for HIV to bind to CD4
✔✔What cells produce CXCL8 (IL-8)? - ✔✔Monocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts,
epithelial cells, and endothelial cells
✔✔Receptors for CXCL8 (IL-8) - ✔✔CXCR1 and CXCR2
✔✔CCL2 - ✔✔Recruits monocytes from the blood and directs them to the infected
tissue
✔✔How do cells leave blood vessels and get into tissues? - ✔✔Specific receptors on
leukocytes interact with ligands/receptors on endothelial cells that line blood vessels
✔✔Adhesion molecules - ✔✔help WBCs stick to the endothelium
✔✔Selectins - ✔✔-Bind to carbohydrates (rolling)
-Initiate leukocyte-endothelial interaction
-Expressed on endothelial cells, platelets, and leukocytes
-Important for initial adhesion step for extravasation (diapedesis)
✔✔Examples of selectins - ✔✔P-selectin and E-selectin
✔✔PSGL-1 and sialyl-Lewis - ✔✔Ligands for P-selectin
, ✔✔Sialyl-Lewis - ✔✔Ligand for E-selectin
✔✔Integrins - ✔✔-Help bind to cell-adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix
-Strong adhesion
-Heterodimers
✔✔Example of integrin - ✔✔LFA-1
✔✔ICAMs - ✔✔Ligand for LFA-1
✔✔Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily - ✔✔-Various roles in cell adhesion
-Ligand for integrins
-Important for arrest, stopping during extravasation
✔✔Example of an immunoglobulin superfamily - ✔✔ICAM-1
✔✔LFA-1 and Mac1 - ✔✔Ligands for ICAM-1
✔✔Neutrophil rolling - ✔✔Weak binding of neutrophils via selectin-mediated adhesion
that allow them to roll along vascular endothelium
✔✔LAD - ✔✔Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
✔✔Cause of LAD - ✔✔Lack of LFA-1
✔✔Effects of LAD - ✔✔-Recurrent bacterial infections; poor neutrophil recruitment and
phagocytosis of infectious material/debris
-No abscess formation because granulocytes can't get to infection site
-Bone marrow transplant as therapy
✔✔Rolling is initiated by ___ on the endothelium
A. Carbohydrates
B. LFA1
C. ICAM1
D. IL-8 (CXCL8)
E. Selectins - ✔✔Selectins
✔✔Steps of leukocyte migration - ✔✔1. Rolling adhesion
2. Tight binding
3. Diapedesis
4. Migration
✔✔This is the main chemoattractant for neutrophils
A. CCL19
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Chemokine - ✔✔Proteins that induce chemotaxis
✔✔Chemokine families - ✔✔CC, CXC, CX3C
✔✔Chemokine receptors - ✔✔CCR, CXCR, and CX3CR
✔✔CCR5/CXCR4 - ✔✔2 co-receptors needed for HIV to bind to CD4
✔✔What cells produce CXCL8 (IL-8)? - ✔✔Monocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts,
epithelial cells, and endothelial cells
✔✔Receptors for CXCL8 (IL-8) - ✔✔CXCR1 and CXCR2
✔✔CCL2 - ✔✔Recruits monocytes from the blood and directs them to the infected
tissue
✔✔How do cells leave blood vessels and get into tissues? - ✔✔Specific receptors on
leukocytes interact with ligands/receptors on endothelial cells that line blood vessels
✔✔Adhesion molecules - ✔✔help WBCs stick to the endothelium
✔✔Selectins - ✔✔-Bind to carbohydrates (rolling)
-Initiate leukocyte-endothelial interaction
-Expressed on endothelial cells, platelets, and leukocytes
-Important for initial adhesion step for extravasation (diapedesis)
✔✔Examples of selectins - ✔✔P-selectin and E-selectin
✔✔PSGL-1 and sialyl-Lewis - ✔✔Ligands for P-selectin
, ✔✔Sialyl-Lewis - ✔✔Ligand for E-selectin
✔✔Integrins - ✔✔-Help bind to cell-adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix
-Strong adhesion
-Heterodimers
✔✔Example of integrin - ✔✔LFA-1
✔✔ICAMs - ✔✔Ligand for LFA-1
✔✔Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily - ✔✔-Various roles in cell adhesion
-Ligand for integrins
-Important for arrest, stopping during extravasation
✔✔Example of an immunoglobulin superfamily - ✔✔ICAM-1
✔✔LFA-1 and Mac1 - ✔✔Ligands for ICAM-1
✔✔Neutrophil rolling - ✔✔Weak binding of neutrophils via selectin-mediated adhesion
that allow them to roll along vascular endothelium
✔✔LAD - ✔✔Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
✔✔Cause of LAD - ✔✔Lack of LFA-1
✔✔Effects of LAD - ✔✔-Recurrent bacterial infections; poor neutrophil recruitment and
phagocytosis of infectious material/debris
-No abscess formation because granulocytes can't get to infection site
-Bone marrow transplant as therapy
✔✔Rolling is initiated by ___ on the endothelium
A. Carbohydrates
B. LFA1
C. ICAM1
D. IL-8 (CXCL8)
E. Selectins - ✔✔Selectins
✔✔Steps of leukocyte migration - ✔✔1. Rolling adhesion
2. Tight binding
3. Diapedesis
4. Migration
✔✔This is the main chemoattractant for neutrophils
A. CCL19
