NR507 / NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology 2027 Midterm Exam -
Complete Study Guide with Questions and Verified Answers - 100%
Correct - Grade A+
Question 1.
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Correct Answer: Type 1: Allergic reaction, Mediated by IgE, Inflammation due
to mast cell degranulation
Local symptoms:
-itching
-rash
Systemic symptoms:
-wheezing
Most dangerous = anaphylactic reaction
systemic response of hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Main treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects
Question 2.
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
Correct Answer: Type 2: Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific (ex: thyroid tissue)
Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
Can cause tissue damage or alter function Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) -
example of altering thyroid function, but does not destroy thyroid tissue
Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe
transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by
agglutination or complement-mediated lysis.
Question 3.
Type 1 Hypersensitivity VS. Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Correct Answer: Type 1 Hypersensitivity
Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Not Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was
released into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then deposited in
the tissues
Question 4.
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - Examples
Correct Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis: Antigen/antibodies are deposited in the
joints
, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity-
antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
Question 5.
Hypersensitivity: Type 4
Correct Answer: Delayed response
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Types 1, 2 and 3 Is T-cell
mediated
Question 6.
Differentiating Between the Rash of a Type 1 vs. Type 4 Reaction:
Correct Answer: Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic
dermatitis, are usually characterized by widely distributed lesions
Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only
at the site of contact with the allergen
The key determinant is the timing of the rash:
-Type 1 = Immediate
-Type 4 = Delayed: Several days following contact, ex would be poison ivy
Question 7.
Treatment of Type 4 Rash
Correct Answer: A non-severe case of contact dermatitis would be treated
with topical corticosteroid.
Why not epinephrine or antihistamines?
-Epinephrine is for emergent Type 1 anaphylactic reactions. Antihistamines
act on the H1 receptors. Type 4 does not involve mast cells and H1 receptors.
Antibiotics not appropriate since not an infection
Question 8.
Autoimmunity
Correct Answer: Autoimmune disease can be familial, Affected family
members may not all develop the same disease, but several members may
have different disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity
reactions, These include autoimmune and allergic reactions Associations with
particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
Question 9.
Alloimmunity
Complete Study Guide with Questions and Verified Answers - 100%
Correct - Grade A+
Question 1.
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Correct Answer: Type 1: Allergic reaction, Mediated by IgE, Inflammation due
to mast cell degranulation
Local symptoms:
-itching
-rash
Systemic symptoms:
-wheezing
Most dangerous = anaphylactic reaction
systemic response of hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Main treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects
Question 2.
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
Correct Answer: Type 2: Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific (ex: thyroid tissue)
Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
Can cause tissue damage or alter function Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) -
example of altering thyroid function, but does not destroy thyroid tissue
Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe
transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by
agglutination or complement-mediated lysis.
Question 3.
Type 1 Hypersensitivity VS. Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Correct Answer: Type 1 Hypersensitivity
Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Not Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was
released into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then deposited in
the tissues
Question 4.
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - Examples
Correct Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis: Antigen/antibodies are deposited in the
joints
, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity-
antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
Question 5.
Hypersensitivity: Type 4
Correct Answer: Delayed response
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Types 1, 2 and 3 Is T-cell
mediated
Question 6.
Differentiating Between the Rash of a Type 1 vs. Type 4 Reaction:
Correct Answer: Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic
dermatitis, are usually characterized by widely distributed lesions
Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only
at the site of contact with the allergen
The key determinant is the timing of the rash:
-Type 1 = Immediate
-Type 4 = Delayed: Several days following contact, ex would be poison ivy
Question 7.
Treatment of Type 4 Rash
Correct Answer: A non-severe case of contact dermatitis would be treated
with topical corticosteroid.
Why not epinephrine or antihistamines?
-Epinephrine is for emergent Type 1 anaphylactic reactions. Antihistamines
act on the H1 receptors. Type 4 does not involve mast cells and H1 receptors.
Antibiotics not appropriate since not an infection
Question 8.
Autoimmunity
Correct Answer: Autoimmune disease can be familial, Affected family
members may not all develop the same disease, but several members may
have different disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity
reactions, These include autoimmune and allergic reactions Associations with
particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
Question 9.
Alloimmunity
