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BONTRAGER'S TEXTBOOK OF RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING AND RELATED ANATOMY
(11TH EDITION) QUESTIONS 2026 EXAM LATEST VERSION SOLVED QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS VERIFIED 100 %
Bontrager's Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy (11th
Edition) —Questions with Rationales
SUMMARIZED 10-POINT EXAM COVERAGE
1. Terminology, Positioning, and Imaging Principles – Radiographic terminology,
positioning principles, body planes, projections, image quality factors, radiation
protection, and patient safety.
2. Chest and Upper Airway – Chest radiography, positioning landmarks, lung anatomy,
obstructive airway disease, and chest pathology.
3. Abdomen and Gastrointestinal System – Abdominal radiography, GI tract anatomy,
barium studies, and abdominal positioning.
4. Upper Limb – Fingers, hand, wrist, forearm, elbow, and humerus positioning and
anatomy.
5. Shoulder Girdle and Lower Limb – Clavicle, scapula, shoulder, pelvis, femur, knee,
tibia, fibula, foot, and ankle positioning.
6. Vertebral Column – Cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine, sacrum, coccyx, and scoliosis
positioning.
7. Skull, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses – Cranial bones, facial bones, sinuses,
and skull positioning.
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8. Bony Thorax and Soft Tissue – Ribs, sternum, sternoclavicular joints, and soft tissue
radiography.
9. Pediatric and Geriatric Radiography – Positioning considerations for pediatric and
geriatric patients.
10. Mobile Radiography, Surgical Radiography, and Special Procedures – Mobile
radiography, C-arm, surgical radiography, trauma radiography, and special imaging
procedures.
CHAPTER 1: TERMINOLOGY, IMAGING, AND POSITIONING PRINCIPLES (35
Questions)
1. Which term refers to the arrangement of the body for radiographic imaging?
A) Projection
B) Position
C) Exposure
D) Density
Rationale: Position describes the general body arrangement or posture during imaging.
Projection refers to the path of the central ray; exposure and density relate to image
quality factors.
2. The direction or path of the central ray of the x-ray beam defines which
positioning term?
A) Position
B) Projection
C) Orientation
D) Section
Rationale: Projection specifically describes the direction and path of the central ray as
it traverses the patient from entrance to exit point.
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3. A patient is erect with their back to the IR. The left side of the body is turned 45
degrees toward the IR. What is this position?
A) Left anterior oblique (LAO)
B) Right posterior oblique (RPO)
C) Left posterior oblique (LPO)
D) Right anterior oblique (RAO)
Rationale: LPO indicates the patient is in a posterior oblique position with the left side
closer to the IR. The term describes both the body orientation and which side is against
the IR.
4. The first general rule in diagnostic radiology suggests that a minimum of how
many projections be taken at how many degrees from each other?
A) 1 projection; 45 degrees
B) 2 projections; 90 degrees
C) 3 projections; 60 degrees
D) 2 projections; 180 degrees
Rationale: The fundamental rule requires at least two projections taken 90 degrees
apart to provide three-dimensional visualization of anatomical structures.
5. What type of tissue binds together and supports the various structures of the
body?
A) Epithelial
B) Connective
C) Muscular
D) Nervous
Rationale: Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue type, serving to bind,
support, and protect organs. It includes bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and
adipose tissue.
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6. How many separate bones are found in the adult human body?
A) 181
B) 215
C) 206
D) 236
Rationale: The adult human skeleton contains 206 bones. Children have approximately
270 bones that fuse during growth. The skeleton divides into axial (80 bones) and
appendicular (126 bones).
7. Which term describes the sole of the foot?
A) Dorsum
B) Plantar
C) Palmar
D) Volar
Rationale: Plantar refers to the sole of the foot. Dorsum refers to the top of the foot;
palmar and volar refer to the sole of the hand.
8. A position in which the head is lower than the feet is called:
A) Fowler
B) Trendelenburg
C) Sim's
D) Lithotomy
Rationale: Trendelenburg is a recumbent position with the head lower than the feet.
Fowler is the opposite (feet lower than head).
9. Lying on the back facing upward describes which position?
A) Prone
B) Supine
BONTRAGER'S TEXTBOOK OF RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING AND RELATED ANATOMY
(11TH EDITION) QUESTIONS 2026 EXAM LATEST VERSION SOLVED QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS VERIFIED 100 %
Bontrager's Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy (11th
Edition) —Questions with Rationales
SUMMARIZED 10-POINT EXAM COVERAGE
1. Terminology, Positioning, and Imaging Principles – Radiographic terminology,
positioning principles, body planes, projections, image quality factors, radiation
protection, and patient safety.
2. Chest and Upper Airway – Chest radiography, positioning landmarks, lung anatomy,
obstructive airway disease, and chest pathology.
3. Abdomen and Gastrointestinal System – Abdominal radiography, GI tract anatomy,
barium studies, and abdominal positioning.
4. Upper Limb – Fingers, hand, wrist, forearm, elbow, and humerus positioning and
anatomy.
5. Shoulder Girdle and Lower Limb – Clavicle, scapula, shoulder, pelvis, femur, knee,
tibia, fibula, foot, and ankle positioning.
6. Vertebral Column – Cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine, sacrum, coccyx, and scoliosis
positioning.
7. Skull, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses – Cranial bones, facial bones, sinuses,
and skull positioning.
, Page 2 of 76
8. Bony Thorax and Soft Tissue – Ribs, sternum, sternoclavicular joints, and soft tissue
radiography.
9. Pediatric and Geriatric Radiography – Positioning considerations for pediatric and
geriatric patients.
10. Mobile Radiography, Surgical Radiography, and Special Procedures – Mobile
radiography, C-arm, surgical radiography, trauma radiography, and special imaging
procedures.
CHAPTER 1: TERMINOLOGY, IMAGING, AND POSITIONING PRINCIPLES (35
Questions)
1. Which term refers to the arrangement of the body for radiographic imaging?
A) Projection
B) Position
C) Exposure
D) Density
Rationale: Position describes the general body arrangement or posture during imaging.
Projection refers to the path of the central ray; exposure and density relate to image
quality factors.
2. The direction or path of the central ray of the x-ray beam defines which
positioning term?
A) Position
B) Projection
C) Orientation
D) Section
Rationale: Projection specifically describes the direction and path of the central ray as
it traverses the patient from entrance to exit point.
, Page 3 of 76
3. A patient is erect with their back to the IR. The left side of the body is turned 45
degrees toward the IR. What is this position?
A) Left anterior oblique (LAO)
B) Right posterior oblique (RPO)
C) Left posterior oblique (LPO)
D) Right anterior oblique (RAO)
Rationale: LPO indicates the patient is in a posterior oblique position with the left side
closer to the IR. The term describes both the body orientation and which side is against
the IR.
4. The first general rule in diagnostic radiology suggests that a minimum of how
many projections be taken at how many degrees from each other?
A) 1 projection; 45 degrees
B) 2 projections; 90 degrees
C) 3 projections; 60 degrees
D) 2 projections; 180 degrees
Rationale: The fundamental rule requires at least two projections taken 90 degrees
apart to provide three-dimensional visualization of anatomical structures.
5. What type of tissue binds together and supports the various structures of the
body?
A) Epithelial
B) Connective
C) Muscular
D) Nervous
Rationale: Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue type, serving to bind,
support, and protect organs. It includes bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and
adipose tissue.
, Page 4 of 76
6. How many separate bones are found in the adult human body?
A) 181
B) 215
C) 206
D) 236
Rationale: The adult human skeleton contains 206 bones. Children have approximately
270 bones that fuse during growth. The skeleton divides into axial (80 bones) and
appendicular (126 bones).
7. Which term describes the sole of the foot?
A) Dorsum
B) Plantar
C) Palmar
D) Volar
Rationale: Plantar refers to the sole of the foot. Dorsum refers to the top of the foot;
palmar and volar refer to the sole of the hand.
8. A position in which the head is lower than the feet is called:
A) Fowler
B) Trendelenburg
C) Sim's
D) Lithotomy
Rationale: Trendelenburg is a recumbent position with the head lower than the feet.
Fowler is the opposite (feet lower than head).
9. Lying on the back facing upward describes which position?
A) Prone
B) Supine
