NUR 312 Fluid, Electrolytes, Acids, and Bases-
Questions & Answers
What percentage of adult body weight is Total Body Water (TBW)?
60% of total body weight.
How is fluid distributed between Intracellular Fluid (ICF) and Extracellular Fluid (ECF)?
ICF contains 2/3 of body fluid; ECF contains 1/3.
What is interstitial fluid accumulation commonly called?
Edema (or fluid shifting into the "third space").
How does Total Body Water (TBW) differ in pediatric patients?
TBW is higher in pediatrics, making up 75% to 80% of body weight.
Why are older adults more susceptible to dehydration?
Decreased TBW, reduced muscle mass, renal decline, and diminished thirst perception.
What are the four primary causes of edema?
1. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
2. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
3. Increased capillary permeability
4. Lymphatic obstruction
What is the primary action of Aldosterone in fluid and electrolyte balance?
Promotes sodium and water reabsorption while excreting potassium to increase blood volume.
, What is the function of Natriuretic Peptides (e.g., BNP)?
Antagonize RAAS by promoting sodium and water excretion to lower blood volume.
What does a BNP level significantly above normal (0-100 pg/mL) indicate?
Fluid overload, commonly caused by heart failure or kidney disease.
What triggers activate the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?
Low blood volume, low blood pressure, low sodium, or poor renal perfusion.
Where is Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) produced and secreted?
Produced in the hypothalamus, stored/secreted by the posterior pituitary.
What is the physiological effect of ADH secretion?
Increases water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts.
What serum sodium level defines Hypernatremia?
Serum sodium >145 mEq/L.
What is the primary cellular effect of severe Hypernatremia?
Brain cell shrinkage due to fluid shifting out of cells.
What serum sodium level defines Hyponatremia?
Serum sodium <135 mEq/L.
What is the primary cellular risk associated with severe Hyponatremia?
Cell swelling leading to cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure.
Questions & Answers
What percentage of adult body weight is Total Body Water (TBW)?
60% of total body weight.
How is fluid distributed between Intracellular Fluid (ICF) and Extracellular Fluid (ECF)?
ICF contains 2/3 of body fluid; ECF contains 1/3.
What is interstitial fluid accumulation commonly called?
Edema (or fluid shifting into the "third space").
How does Total Body Water (TBW) differ in pediatric patients?
TBW is higher in pediatrics, making up 75% to 80% of body weight.
Why are older adults more susceptible to dehydration?
Decreased TBW, reduced muscle mass, renal decline, and diminished thirst perception.
What are the four primary causes of edema?
1. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
2. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
3. Increased capillary permeability
4. Lymphatic obstruction
What is the primary action of Aldosterone in fluid and electrolyte balance?
Promotes sodium and water reabsorption while excreting potassium to increase blood volume.
, What is the function of Natriuretic Peptides (e.g., BNP)?
Antagonize RAAS by promoting sodium and water excretion to lower blood volume.
What does a BNP level significantly above normal (0-100 pg/mL) indicate?
Fluid overload, commonly caused by heart failure or kidney disease.
What triggers activate the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?
Low blood volume, low blood pressure, low sodium, or poor renal perfusion.
Where is Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) produced and secreted?
Produced in the hypothalamus, stored/secreted by the posterior pituitary.
What is the physiological effect of ADH secretion?
Increases water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts.
What serum sodium level defines Hypernatremia?
Serum sodium >145 mEq/L.
What is the primary cellular effect of severe Hypernatremia?
Brain cell shrinkage due to fluid shifting out of cells.
What serum sodium level defines Hyponatremia?
Serum sodium <135 mEq/L.
What is the primary cellular risk associated with severe Hyponatremia?
Cell swelling leading to cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure.
