MDC II (NUR2392) Exam 2 Multidimensional Care
II: Questions with Answers| Rasmussen University|
Updated| Pass Guaranteed
1. Hyperkalemia
A client has a serum potassium level of 6.7 mEq/L. Which ECG finding should the nurse
anticipate?
A. Prominent U waves
B. Tall, peaked T waves
C. Flattened T waves
D. Shortened QT interval only
Correct answer: B. Tall, peaked T waves
Rationale: Hyperkalemia can cause tall, peaked T waves and, with increasing severity, prolonged
PR intervals, widened QRS complexes, ventricular dysrhythmias, and cardiac arrest. Severe
hyperkalemia requires urgent intervention.
2. Hypokalemia
A client has a potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L. Which finding is most consistent with hypokalemia?
A. Muscle weakness
B. Hyperactive reflexes in every case
C. Peaked T waves
D. Severe hypertension
Correct answer: A. Muscle weakness
Rationale: Hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness, fatigue, cramps, constipation, and cardiac
dysrhythmias. ECG changes may include flattened T waves and prominent U waves.
3. Hypernatremia
Which manifestation is associated with hypernatremia?
A. Neurological changes and intense thirst
B. Severe bradycardia in every patient
,C. Increased deep tendon reflexes only
D. Complete absence of thirst
Correct answer: A. Neurological changes and intense thirst
Rationale: Hypernatremia usually reflects a relative water deficit. Patients may develop thirst,
restlessness, confusion, weakness, or seizures when sodium levels become severely elevated.
4. Hyponatremia
Which patient is at greatest risk for neurological complications from severe hyponatremia?
A. A patient with a sodium level of 118 mEq/L
B. A patient with sodium of 140 mEq/L
C. A patient with normal electrolytes
D. A patient with mildly elevated sodium
Correct answer: A. A patient with a sodium level of 118 mEq/L
Rationale: Severe hyponatremia can cause cerebral edema and neurological manifestations
such as confusion, seizures, and decreased level of consciousness.
5. Calcium
Which assessment finding is associated with hypocalcemia?
A. Tingling around the mouth and muscle spasms
B. Decreased neuromuscular excitability
C. Kidney stones as the only symptom
D. Severe constipation in every patient
Correct answer: A. Tingling around the mouth and muscle spasms
Rationale: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability and can cause paresthesias,
muscle cramps, tetany, and positive Chvostek or Trousseau signs.
6. Hypercalcemia
Which manifestation is commonly associated with hypercalcemia?
,A. Constipation
B. Tetany
C. Positive Trousseau sign
D. Severe muscle spasms
Correct answer: A. Constipation
Rationale: Hypercalcemia decreases neuromuscular excitability and can cause weakness,
constipation, nausea, polyuria, kidney stones, and altered mental status.
7. Hypercalcemia and Cancer
Which cancers are associated with an increased risk of hypercalcemia?
A. Certain lung and breast cancers
B. Only skin cancers
C. Only thyroid cancers
D. Only bladder cancers
Correct answer: A. Certain lung and breast cancers
Rationale: Malignancy-associated hypercalcemia can occur through tumor secretion of
parathyroid hormone-related peptide, bone destruction, or other mechanisms. Multiple
myeloma and some lung and breast cancers are important examples. LearnExams
8. Hypomagnesemia
Which finding can occur with hypomagnesemia?
A. Neuromuscular irritability
B. Complete muscle relaxation
C. Severe constipation in every patient
D. Bradycardia in every case
Correct answer: A. Neuromuscular irritability
Rationale: Low magnesium can cause tremors, muscle cramps, hyperreflexia, seizures, and
cardiac dysrhythmias.
9. Hypermagnesemia
, Which finding is associated with excessive magnesium?
A. Decreased deep tendon reflexes
B. Hyperactive reflexes
C. Severe muscle spasms
D. Tetany
Correct answer: A. Decreased deep tendon reflexes
Rationale: Hypermagnesemia depresses neuromuscular activity and can cause hypotension,
bradycardia, diminished reflexes, respiratory depression, and cardiac arrest when severe.
10. Fluid Volume Deficit
Which finding is most consistent with fluid volume deficit?
A. Orthostatic hypotension
B. Bounding pulses
C. Pulmonary crackles
D. Rapid weight gain
Correct answer: A. Orthostatic hypotension
Rationale: Fluid volume deficit can cause decreased blood pressure, tachycardia, poor skin
turgor, dry mucous membranes, decreased urine output, and orthostatic changes.
11. Fluid Volume Excess
Which finding suggests fluid volume excess?
A. Bilateral crackles and peripheral edema
B. Dry mucous membranes
C. Weight loss
D. Poor skin turgor
Correct answer: A. Bilateral crackles and peripheral edema
Rationale: Excess extracellular fluid can cause edema, weight gain, elevated blood pressure,
jugular venous distention, and pulmonary congestion.
12. Daily Weight
II: Questions with Answers| Rasmussen University|
Updated| Pass Guaranteed
1. Hyperkalemia
A client has a serum potassium level of 6.7 mEq/L. Which ECG finding should the nurse
anticipate?
A. Prominent U waves
B. Tall, peaked T waves
C. Flattened T waves
D. Shortened QT interval only
Correct answer: B. Tall, peaked T waves
Rationale: Hyperkalemia can cause tall, peaked T waves and, with increasing severity, prolonged
PR intervals, widened QRS complexes, ventricular dysrhythmias, and cardiac arrest. Severe
hyperkalemia requires urgent intervention.
2. Hypokalemia
A client has a potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L. Which finding is most consistent with hypokalemia?
A. Muscle weakness
B. Hyperactive reflexes in every case
C. Peaked T waves
D. Severe hypertension
Correct answer: A. Muscle weakness
Rationale: Hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness, fatigue, cramps, constipation, and cardiac
dysrhythmias. ECG changes may include flattened T waves and prominent U waves.
3. Hypernatremia
Which manifestation is associated with hypernatremia?
A. Neurological changes and intense thirst
B. Severe bradycardia in every patient
,C. Increased deep tendon reflexes only
D. Complete absence of thirst
Correct answer: A. Neurological changes and intense thirst
Rationale: Hypernatremia usually reflects a relative water deficit. Patients may develop thirst,
restlessness, confusion, weakness, or seizures when sodium levels become severely elevated.
4. Hyponatremia
Which patient is at greatest risk for neurological complications from severe hyponatremia?
A. A patient with a sodium level of 118 mEq/L
B. A patient with sodium of 140 mEq/L
C. A patient with normal electrolytes
D. A patient with mildly elevated sodium
Correct answer: A. A patient with a sodium level of 118 mEq/L
Rationale: Severe hyponatremia can cause cerebral edema and neurological manifestations
such as confusion, seizures, and decreased level of consciousness.
5. Calcium
Which assessment finding is associated with hypocalcemia?
A. Tingling around the mouth and muscle spasms
B. Decreased neuromuscular excitability
C. Kidney stones as the only symptom
D. Severe constipation in every patient
Correct answer: A. Tingling around the mouth and muscle spasms
Rationale: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability and can cause paresthesias,
muscle cramps, tetany, and positive Chvostek or Trousseau signs.
6. Hypercalcemia
Which manifestation is commonly associated with hypercalcemia?
,A. Constipation
B. Tetany
C. Positive Trousseau sign
D. Severe muscle spasms
Correct answer: A. Constipation
Rationale: Hypercalcemia decreases neuromuscular excitability and can cause weakness,
constipation, nausea, polyuria, kidney stones, and altered mental status.
7. Hypercalcemia and Cancer
Which cancers are associated with an increased risk of hypercalcemia?
A. Certain lung and breast cancers
B. Only skin cancers
C. Only thyroid cancers
D. Only bladder cancers
Correct answer: A. Certain lung and breast cancers
Rationale: Malignancy-associated hypercalcemia can occur through tumor secretion of
parathyroid hormone-related peptide, bone destruction, or other mechanisms. Multiple
myeloma and some lung and breast cancers are important examples. LearnExams
8. Hypomagnesemia
Which finding can occur with hypomagnesemia?
A. Neuromuscular irritability
B. Complete muscle relaxation
C. Severe constipation in every patient
D. Bradycardia in every case
Correct answer: A. Neuromuscular irritability
Rationale: Low magnesium can cause tremors, muscle cramps, hyperreflexia, seizures, and
cardiac dysrhythmias.
9. Hypermagnesemia
, Which finding is associated with excessive magnesium?
A. Decreased deep tendon reflexes
B. Hyperactive reflexes
C. Severe muscle spasms
D. Tetany
Correct answer: A. Decreased deep tendon reflexes
Rationale: Hypermagnesemia depresses neuromuscular activity and can cause hypotension,
bradycardia, diminished reflexes, respiratory depression, and cardiac arrest when severe.
10. Fluid Volume Deficit
Which finding is most consistent with fluid volume deficit?
A. Orthostatic hypotension
B. Bounding pulses
C. Pulmonary crackles
D. Rapid weight gain
Correct answer: A. Orthostatic hypotension
Rationale: Fluid volume deficit can cause decreased blood pressure, tachycardia, poor skin
turgor, dry mucous membranes, decreased urine output, and orthostatic changes.
11. Fluid Volume Excess
Which finding suggests fluid volume excess?
A. Bilateral crackles and peripheral edema
B. Dry mucous membranes
C. Weight loss
D. Poor skin turgor
Correct answer: A. Bilateral crackles and peripheral edema
Rationale: Excess extracellular fluid can cause edema, weight gain, elevated blood pressure,
jugular venous distention, and pulmonary congestion.
12. Daily Weight
