ROSEMAN BLOCK 5 ASSESSMENT 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 UPDATE
Subcutaneous -Correct Answer ✔-G 25 - 31
L 1/2 - 5/8
Intramuscular -Correct Answer ✔-G 18 - 27
L 1 - 1 1/5
Kids G 22 - 24
Intradermal -Correct Answer ✔-Use Hypodermic Needle
Color -Correct Answer ✔-clear, yellow
Specific Gravity -Correct Answer ✔-1.010-1.030
GFR (glomerular filtration rate) -Correct Answer ✔-90-120 mL/min
Renal function
WBC -Correct Answer ✔-4,000 - 10,000 mm3
Hgb -Correct Answer ✔-M 13 - 18 g/dL
F 12 - 15 g/dL
Hct -Correct Answer ✔-M 40 - 52%
F 37 - 47%
PTT -Correct Answer ✔-30-40 seconds
,PT -Correct Answer ✔-11-12.5 seconds
INR -Correct Answer ✔-.7 - 1.8
High INR Pt Bleeds
BUN -Correct Answer ✔-10-20 mg/dL
Creatinine -Correct Answer ✔-M 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
F 0.5 - 1.1 mg/dL
Na -Correct Answer ✔-135-145 mEq/L
K -Correct Answer ✔-3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Cl -Correct Answer ✔-100 - 110 mEq/L
P -Correct Answer ✔-3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL
Ca -Correct Answer ✔-9.0-10.5 mg/dL
Glucose -Correct Answer ✔-70-110 mg/dL
Mg -Correct Answer ✔-1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Hgb A1C -Correct Answer ✔-< 6%
Ph -Correct Answer ✔-7.35-7.45
PaO2 -Correct Answer ✔-80-100 mmHg
,PaCO2 -Correct Answer ✔-35-45 mmHg
HCO3 -Correct Answer ✔-22-26 mEq/L
SPO2 -Correct Answer ✔-95-100%
Hypovolemia -Correct Answer ✔-low electrolytes, confusion, weakness, syncope,
thirst, oliguria, tachycardia, hypotension. Lab values: hyperconcentration of HCT,
protein, and BUN in blood
Hypervolemia -Correct Answer ✔-Tachycardia, "bounding pulse", dyspnea,
crackles, increased hydrostatic pressure, pitting edema, JVD.
Lab values: dilution of HCT, proteins and BUN
Dehydration -Correct Answer ✔-Loss of WATER only, no electrolytes.
Hyperventilation, confusion, weakness, syncope, thirst, oliguria, tachycardia,
hypotension
Hypokalemia -Correct Answer ✔-Causes: diuretics, cushing's disease, diarrhea,
n/v, NG suction, heat-induced diaphoresis, kidney disease
S/S - hyporeflexia, thready/weak pulse, dysrhythmias, irritability, confusion,
hypoactive bowel sounds
Hyperkalemia -Correct Answer ✔-Causes: over-ingestion of K+, transfusions, renal
failure, adrenal dysfunction, K+ sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors
S/S - Bradycardia, hypotension, ECG changes, muscle twitching, paresthesias,
diarrhea, hyperactive bowel sounds
Hyponatremia -Correct Answer ✔-Causes: diuretics, sweating, wound draining,
low aldosterone, kidney disease and hyperglycemia
, S/S - confusion, general muscle weakness, increased GI motility, rapid/thready
pulse, OH, dizziness
Hypernatremia -Correct Answer ✔-Causes: High aldosterone, kidney failures,
corticosteroids, cushings, ingestion of large amount of dietary sodium or IV
S/S - agitation, confusion, muscle twitching, decreased heart contractility
Hypocalcemia -Correct Answer ✔-Causes: inadequate intake, lactose intolerance,
malabsorption issues, low vit D, kidney failure, N/V, diarrhea, wound drainage
S/S - paresthesias, muscle cramps and spasms, changes in HR and ECG, OH,
hyperactive bowel sounds, osteoporosis (long-term)
Treat with: Oral/IV calcium, nutrition therapy, reduce stimulation, increase
Vitamin D
Hypercalcemia -Correct Answer ✔-Causes: too much intake of Ca+ or Vit D, kidney
failure, thiazide diuretics
S/S - tachycardia, hypertension (followed by bradycardia later), blood clotting,
impaired blood flow, severe muscle weakness, confusion, lethargy, constipation,
n/v, diarrhea, abd pain
Treat with - IV normal saline, monitor ECG
Aldosterone -Correct Answer ✔-Where? Adrenal cortex
Why? In response to low sodium
How? Acts on nephrons, reabsorp water and sodium
Effect? Increases blood volume and osmolarity
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 UPDATE
Subcutaneous -Correct Answer ✔-G 25 - 31
L 1/2 - 5/8
Intramuscular -Correct Answer ✔-G 18 - 27
L 1 - 1 1/5
Kids G 22 - 24
Intradermal -Correct Answer ✔-Use Hypodermic Needle
Color -Correct Answer ✔-clear, yellow
Specific Gravity -Correct Answer ✔-1.010-1.030
GFR (glomerular filtration rate) -Correct Answer ✔-90-120 mL/min
Renal function
WBC -Correct Answer ✔-4,000 - 10,000 mm3
Hgb -Correct Answer ✔-M 13 - 18 g/dL
F 12 - 15 g/dL
Hct -Correct Answer ✔-M 40 - 52%
F 37 - 47%
PTT -Correct Answer ✔-30-40 seconds
,PT -Correct Answer ✔-11-12.5 seconds
INR -Correct Answer ✔-.7 - 1.8
High INR Pt Bleeds
BUN -Correct Answer ✔-10-20 mg/dL
Creatinine -Correct Answer ✔-M 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
F 0.5 - 1.1 mg/dL
Na -Correct Answer ✔-135-145 mEq/L
K -Correct Answer ✔-3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Cl -Correct Answer ✔-100 - 110 mEq/L
P -Correct Answer ✔-3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL
Ca -Correct Answer ✔-9.0-10.5 mg/dL
Glucose -Correct Answer ✔-70-110 mg/dL
Mg -Correct Answer ✔-1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Hgb A1C -Correct Answer ✔-< 6%
Ph -Correct Answer ✔-7.35-7.45
PaO2 -Correct Answer ✔-80-100 mmHg
,PaCO2 -Correct Answer ✔-35-45 mmHg
HCO3 -Correct Answer ✔-22-26 mEq/L
SPO2 -Correct Answer ✔-95-100%
Hypovolemia -Correct Answer ✔-low electrolytes, confusion, weakness, syncope,
thirst, oliguria, tachycardia, hypotension. Lab values: hyperconcentration of HCT,
protein, and BUN in blood
Hypervolemia -Correct Answer ✔-Tachycardia, "bounding pulse", dyspnea,
crackles, increased hydrostatic pressure, pitting edema, JVD.
Lab values: dilution of HCT, proteins and BUN
Dehydration -Correct Answer ✔-Loss of WATER only, no electrolytes.
Hyperventilation, confusion, weakness, syncope, thirst, oliguria, tachycardia,
hypotension
Hypokalemia -Correct Answer ✔-Causes: diuretics, cushing's disease, diarrhea,
n/v, NG suction, heat-induced diaphoresis, kidney disease
S/S - hyporeflexia, thready/weak pulse, dysrhythmias, irritability, confusion,
hypoactive bowel sounds
Hyperkalemia -Correct Answer ✔-Causes: over-ingestion of K+, transfusions, renal
failure, adrenal dysfunction, K+ sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors
S/S - Bradycardia, hypotension, ECG changes, muscle twitching, paresthesias,
diarrhea, hyperactive bowel sounds
Hyponatremia -Correct Answer ✔-Causes: diuretics, sweating, wound draining,
low aldosterone, kidney disease and hyperglycemia
, S/S - confusion, general muscle weakness, increased GI motility, rapid/thready
pulse, OH, dizziness
Hypernatremia -Correct Answer ✔-Causes: High aldosterone, kidney failures,
corticosteroids, cushings, ingestion of large amount of dietary sodium or IV
S/S - agitation, confusion, muscle twitching, decreased heart contractility
Hypocalcemia -Correct Answer ✔-Causes: inadequate intake, lactose intolerance,
malabsorption issues, low vit D, kidney failure, N/V, diarrhea, wound drainage
S/S - paresthesias, muscle cramps and spasms, changes in HR and ECG, OH,
hyperactive bowel sounds, osteoporosis (long-term)
Treat with: Oral/IV calcium, nutrition therapy, reduce stimulation, increase
Vitamin D
Hypercalcemia -Correct Answer ✔-Causes: too much intake of Ca+ or Vit D, kidney
failure, thiazide diuretics
S/S - tachycardia, hypertension (followed by bradycardia later), blood clotting,
impaired blood flow, severe muscle weakness, confusion, lethargy, constipation,
n/v, diarrhea, abd pain
Treat with - IV normal saline, monitor ECG
Aldosterone -Correct Answer ✔-Where? Adrenal cortex
Why? In response to low sodium
How? Acts on nephrons, reabsorp water and sodium
Effect? Increases blood volume and osmolarity
