NURS 344 Health Assessment - Anatomy of the Heart & Neck Vessels Exam Questions & Verified Answers
Where are the heart and great vessels located in the B) The mediastinum, between the lungs above the diaphragm
human body?
A) The peritoneum, above the diaphragm
B) The mediastinum, between the lungs above the
diaphragm
C) The mediastinum, between the lungs below the
diaphragm
D) The peritoneum, below the diaphragm
Right vs. Left Side of Heart Right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from SVC and IVC, so it
pumps blood to the lungs for gas exchange (pulmonary circulation) by removing
CO2 from blood and replenishing oxygen
Left side of heart pumps blood to all other parts of the body (systemic circulation),
so this is why it's also larger
Important Blood Vessels: Great Vessels, SVC, IVC, Great Vessels: large veins and arteries leading directly to and away from the heart
Pulmonary Arteries and Veins
SVC (upper body) and IVC (lower body)
Aorta transports oxygenated blood from left ventricle to body
Pulmonary Arteries vs. Pulmonary Veins Pulmonary artery exits right ventricle, bifurcates, and carries blood to the lungs.
Pulmonary veins (two from each lung) return oxygenated blood to left atrium.
What are the two AV valves, and where are they each Tricuspid: composed of three cusps; located between right atrium and right ventricle
found?
Bicuspid: composed of two cusps; located between the left atrium and the left
ventricle
What are the two semilunar valves, and where are they Pulmonic Valve: located at the entrance of pulmonary artery as it exits the right
each found? ventricle to
Aortic Valve: located at the beginning of the ascending aorta as it exits the left
ventricle. These valves are open during ventricular contraction and close from the
pressure of blood when the ventricles relax. Blood is thus prevented from flowing
backward into the relaxed ventricles
During ventricular systole, what valves are open and During ventricular systole, AV valves are closed to prevent the large amount of
closed? blood in ventricles from diastole from flowing backwards to the atria (regurgitation)
during ventricular contraction. The high pressure inside ventricles causes SL valves
(aortic on left and pulmonic on right) to open, allowing for ejection of blood from the
ventricles. As the pressure decreases, the SL valves will close again.
When are all four valves closed? What happens next as a All four valves, 2 semilunar and 2 AV valves, are closed during isometric contraction
result? of systole (after S1 sound). This causes a high pressure inside the ventricles,
causing the aortic valve to open on the left side of the heart and the pulmonic valve
to open on the right side of the heart.
What happens during ventricular systole? At this point in systole, all four valves are closed and the ventricles contract
(isometric contraction) Blood is ejected rapidly through these valves. With
ventricular emptying, the ventricular pressure falls and the semilunar valves close.
This closure produces the second heart sound (S2), which signals the end of
systole. After closure of the semilunar valves, the ventricles relax. Atrial pressure is
now higher than the ventricular pressure, causing the AV valves to open and
diastolic filling to begin again.
During ventricular diastole, what valves are open and During ventricular diastole (relaxation), AV valves are open are open and ventricles
closed? are relax, causing a higher pressure in the atria than in the ventricles. This causes
blood to rush through the atria into the ventricles, allowing for ventricular filling. In
contrast, the SL valves close to keep blood from flowing back into the atria.
When do the two atrioventricular valves open and close? AV valves (bicuspid and tricuspid) open during ventricular diastole (relaxation) and
close during ventricular systole (contraction), allowing blood to flow from the atria to
ventricles for ventricular filling.
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, NURS 344 Health Assessment - Anatomy of the Heart & Neck Vessels Exam Questions & Verified Answers
When do the two semilunar valves open and close? SL valves (aortic and pulmonic) open with ventricular systole (when the ventricles
contract) and close at the beginning of ventricular diastole (when the ventricles
relax).
This prevents blood from flowing backward into the relaxed ventricles during
ventricular filling.
Stages of Ventricular Diastole Early/protodiastolic that is early, rapid, passive filling. This is followed by a period of
slow passive filling.
Presystole or Atrial Systole: Atria contract and complete the emptying of blood out of
the upper chambers by propelling it into the ventricles. It's the final active filling
phase that raises left ventricular pressure.
Stages of Ventricular Filling (Diastole) and Emptying Early/protodiastolic filling (rapid filling)
(Systole) Diastole (slow filling)
Presystole/Atrial Systole: final active filling phase where atria contract to fully empty
blood into ventricles
Systole (ventricular ejection)
What heart sounds are associated with diastole? Heart sounds S2, S3, and S4 are associated with diastole
What heart sounds are associated with systole? Heart sound S1 is associated with systole.
What action produces S1, and is it associated with diastole Closure of the AV valves produces the first heart sound (S1), which is the beginning
or systole? of systole. This valve closure also prevents blood from flowing backward
(regurgitation) into the atria during ventricular contraction. This is the "lub" sound.
The S1 sound is caused by the closure of Closure of the AV VALVES produces the first heart sound (S1), which is the
________________ valves. beginning of systole.
Where is the S1 heart sound heard best? Since S1 is the closure of AV valves at the beginning of systole,
S1 is heard best at the apex or apical pulse (left MCL, fifth intercostal space).D
During S1 or the beginning of systole, does the tricuspid or The mitral (bicuspid) valve closes first because of increased pressure on the left
bicuspid valve close first and why? side of the heart and because of the route of myocardial depolarization.W
What factors can affect the intensity of S1 sounds? The intensity of S1 depends on the position of the mitral valve at the start of systole,
the structure of the valve leaflets, and how quickly pressure rises in the ventricles.
All of these factors influence speed and amount of closure the valve experiences,
affecting the amount of sound produced.
What action produces S2, and is it associated with diastole Closure of SL valves (pulmonic and aortic) during ventricular emptying that marks
or systole? the end of systole and the beginning of diastole. With ventricular emptying, the
ventricular pressure falls and the semilunar valves close. This closure produces the
second heart sound (S2), which signals the end of systole and beginning of
diastole. This is the "dub" sound.
The S2 sound is caused by the closure of Closure of SL VALVES (pulmonic and aortic) during ventricular emptying as
________________ valves. pressure drops marks the end of systole, producing the second heart sound (S2).
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Where are the heart and great vessels located in the B) The mediastinum, between the lungs above the diaphragm
human body?
A) The peritoneum, above the diaphragm
B) The mediastinum, between the lungs above the
diaphragm
C) The mediastinum, between the lungs below the
diaphragm
D) The peritoneum, below the diaphragm
Right vs. Left Side of Heart Right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from SVC and IVC, so it
pumps blood to the lungs for gas exchange (pulmonary circulation) by removing
CO2 from blood and replenishing oxygen
Left side of heart pumps blood to all other parts of the body (systemic circulation),
so this is why it's also larger
Important Blood Vessels: Great Vessels, SVC, IVC, Great Vessels: large veins and arteries leading directly to and away from the heart
Pulmonary Arteries and Veins
SVC (upper body) and IVC (lower body)
Aorta transports oxygenated blood from left ventricle to body
Pulmonary Arteries vs. Pulmonary Veins Pulmonary artery exits right ventricle, bifurcates, and carries blood to the lungs.
Pulmonary veins (two from each lung) return oxygenated blood to left atrium.
What are the two AV valves, and where are they each Tricuspid: composed of three cusps; located between right atrium and right ventricle
found?
Bicuspid: composed of two cusps; located between the left atrium and the left
ventricle
What are the two semilunar valves, and where are they Pulmonic Valve: located at the entrance of pulmonary artery as it exits the right
each found? ventricle to
Aortic Valve: located at the beginning of the ascending aorta as it exits the left
ventricle. These valves are open during ventricular contraction and close from the
pressure of blood when the ventricles relax. Blood is thus prevented from flowing
backward into the relaxed ventricles
During ventricular systole, what valves are open and During ventricular systole, AV valves are closed to prevent the large amount of
closed? blood in ventricles from diastole from flowing backwards to the atria (regurgitation)
during ventricular contraction. The high pressure inside ventricles causes SL valves
(aortic on left and pulmonic on right) to open, allowing for ejection of blood from the
ventricles. As the pressure decreases, the SL valves will close again.
When are all four valves closed? What happens next as a All four valves, 2 semilunar and 2 AV valves, are closed during isometric contraction
result? of systole (after S1 sound). This causes a high pressure inside the ventricles,
causing the aortic valve to open on the left side of the heart and the pulmonic valve
to open on the right side of the heart.
What happens during ventricular systole? At this point in systole, all four valves are closed and the ventricles contract
(isometric contraction) Blood is ejected rapidly through these valves. With
ventricular emptying, the ventricular pressure falls and the semilunar valves close.
This closure produces the second heart sound (S2), which signals the end of
systole. After closure of the semilunar valves, the ventricles relax. Atrial pressure is
now higher than the ventricular pressure, causing the AV valves to open and
diastolic filling to begin again.
During ventricular diastole, what valves are open and During ventricular diastole (relaxation), AV valves are open are open and ventricles
closed? are relax, causing a higher pressure in the atria than in the ventricles. This causes
blood to rush through the atria into the ventricles, allowing for ventricular filling. In
contrast, the SL valves close to keep blood from flowing back into the atria.
When do the two atrioventricular valves open and close? AV valves (bicuspid and tricuspid) open during ventricular diastole (relaxation) and
close during ventricular systole (contraction), allowing blood to flow from the atria to
ventricles for ventricular filling.
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, NURS 344 Health Assessment - Anatomy of the Heart & Neck Vessels Exam Questions & Verified Answers
When do the two semilunar valves open and close? SL valves (aortic and pulmonic) open with ventricular systole (when the ventricles
contract) and close at the beginning of ventricular diastole (when the ventricles
relax).
This prevents blood from flowing backward into the relaxed ventricles during
ventricular filling.
Stages of Ventricular Diastole Early/protodiastolic that is early, rapid, passive filling. This is followed by a period of
slow passive filling.
Presystole or Atrial Systole: Atria contract and complete the emptying of blood out of
the upper chambers by propelling it into the ventricles. It's the final active filling
phase that raises left ventricular pressure.
Stages of Ventricular Filling (Diastole) and Emptying Early/protodiastolic filling (rapid filling)
(Systole) Diastole (slow filling)
Presystole/Atrial Systole: final active filling phase where atria contract to fully empty
blood into ventricles
Systole (ventricular ejection)
What heart sounds are associated with diastole? Heart sounds S2, S3, and S4 are associated with diastole
What heart sounds are associated with systole? Heart sound S1 is associated with systole.
What action produces S1, and is it associated with diastole Closure of the AV valves produces the first heart sound (S1), which is the beginning
or systole? of systole. This valve closure also prevents blood from flowing backward
(regurgitation) into the atria during ventricular contraction. This is the "lub" sound.
The S1 sound is caused by the closure of Closure of the AV VALVES produces the first heart sound (S1), which is the
________________ valves. beginning of systole.
Where is the S1 heart sound heard best? Since S1 is the closure of AV valves at the beginning of systole,
S1 is heard best at the apex or apical pulse (left MCL, fifth intercostal space).D
During S1 or the beginning of systole, does the tricuspid or The mitral (bicuspid) valve closes first because of increased pressure on the left
bicuspid valve close first and why? side of the heart and because of the route of myocardial depolarization.W
What factors can affect the intensity of S1 sounds? The intensity of S1 depends on the position of the mitral valve at the start of systole,
the structure of the valve leaflets, and how quickly pressure rises in the ventricles.
All of these factors influence speed and amount of closure the valve experiences,
affecting the amount of sound produced.
What action produces S2, and is it associated with diastole Closure of SL valves (pulmonic and aortic) during ventricular emptying that marks
or systole? the end of systole and the beginning of diastole. With ventricular emptying, the
ventricular pressure falls and the semilunar valves close. This closure produces the
second heart sound (S2), which signals the end of systole and beginning of
diastole. This is the "dub" sound.
The S2 sound is caused by the closure of Closure of SL VALVES (pulmonic and aortic) during ventricular emptying as
________________ valves. pressure drops marks the end of systole, producing the second heart sound (S2).
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