KSU NURS 3209 Holistic Nursing - Final Exam Questions & Verified Answers
What is the average normal amount for fluid intake and ~2600 mL/day
fluid output?
What are some causes or risks for hypovolemia? Diarrhea, vomiting, polyuria, losses through wounds, impaired swallowing, anorexia
What are some causes or risks for hypervolemia? Heart failure, renal failure, liver cirrhosis, excess IV fluid intake, excess Na ingestion
What level of Na signals hyponatremia? Less than 135 -> Less than 115 is emergency!
What are some nursing interventions for hyponatremia? Hypertonic IV solutions
Limit fluid intake
Encourage food high in sodium
What serum Na level signals hypernatremia? Greater than 145
What are some signs of hypernatremia? Thirst
Red, dry, swollen tongue
Muscle weakness
A patient receiving Digoxin should be closely monitored for hypokalemia
what electrolyte imbalance?
What are some risk factors for hypocalcemia? Removal of parathyroid glands
Decreased Vitamin D
What are some risk factors for hypercalcemia? Immobilization
Hyperparathyroidism
Bone malignancy
What lab tests should be done to measure electrolyte Serum electrolytes
balance? CBC
BMP (BUN, creatinine, etc.)
Urinalysis
ABGs
The nurse is assessing I/Os on a patient and notices a Call the doctor
significant imbalance. What should the nurse do?
What is the expected urine output per hour in an adult? 30 ml/hour
What are some examples of isotonic fluids? 0.9% NaCl (normal saline)
Lactated Ringers
D5W
Stuvia 2026-2027 | Latest Version
, KSU NURS 3209 Holistic Nursing - Final Exam Questions & Verified Answers
What are some examples of hypotonic fluids? 0.45% NaCl
0.33% NaCl
What are some examples of hypertonic fluids? D5NS
D5 1/2 NS
D10W
When evaluating outcomes in a nursing care plan, if the Explore the reasons why desired outcome was not achieved before modifying care
desired outcomes are NOT achieved, what should the plan
nurse do first?
What are some chemical buffers in the body? HCO3 and H2CO3
What mechanism of pH regulation in the body is the Kidney regulation
longest lasting?
What mechanism of pH regulation in the body is the Respiratory
strongest?
Is arterial blood or venous blood a better representation of Arterial
gas exchange and pH?
Euthanasia "good dying"
Active Euthanasia Taking specific action to cause a patient's death such as lethal dose
Passive Euthanasia Withdrawing treatment to cause patient's death
Assisted Suicide Providing patients the means to cause their own death *Unethical*
Hospice care is covered by Medicare under what Less than 6 mo. life expectancy
stipulations? Must show evidence of decline
Must forego curative measures and transfer to comfort measures
Palliative care Improving quality of life through aggressive management of symptoms
Hospice vs. Palliative care differences Hospice -> No cures, only comfort measures. Has a time limit for life expectancy
and is covered by Medicare.
Palliative -> Aggressive management of symptoms in hopes of a cure, no time
limits, independent insurance pays for it
What is the best guiding principle on what to say to a dying Ask how much they know and how much they would like to know
patient?
Stuvia 2026-2027 | Latest Version
What is the average normal amount for fluid intake and ~2600 mL/day
fluid output?
What are some causes or risks for hypovolemia? Diarrhea, vomiting, polyuria, losses through wounds, impaired swallowing, anorexia
What are some causes or risks for hypervolemia? Heart failure, renal failure, liver cirrhosis, excess IV fluid intake, excess Na ingestion
What level of Na signals hyponatremia? Less than 135 -> Less than 115 is emergency!
What are some nursing interventions for hyponatremia? Hypertonic IV solutions
Limit fluid intake
Encourage food high in sodium
What serum Na level signals hypernatremia? Greater than 145
What are some signs of hypernatremia? Thirst
Red, dry, swollen tongue
Muscle weakness
A patient receiving Digoxin should be closely monitored for hypokalemia
what electrolyte imbalance?
What are some risk factors for hypocalcemia? Removal of parathyroid glands
Decreased Vitamin D
What are some risk factors for hypercalcemia? Immobilization
Hyperparathyroidism
Bone malignancy
What lab tests should be done to measure electrolyte Serum electrolytes
balance? CBC
BMP (BUN, creatinine, etc.)
Urinalysis
ABGs
The nurse is assessing I/Os on a patient and notices a Call the doctor
significant imbalance. What should the nurse do?
What is the expected urine output per hour in an adult? 30 ml/hour
What are some examples of isotonic fluids? 0.9% NaCl (normal saline)
Lactated Ringers
D5W
Stuvia 2026-2027 | Latest Version
, KSU NURS 3209 Holistic Nursing - Final Exam Questions & Verified Answers
What are some examples of hypotonic fluids? 0.45% NaCl
0.33% NaCl
What are some examples of hypertonic fluids? D5NS
D5 1/2 NS
D10W
When evaluating outcomes in a nursing care plan, if the Explore the reasons why desired outcome was not achieved before modifying care
desired outcomes are NOT achieved, what should the plan
nurse do first?
What are some chemical buffers in the body? HCO3 and H2CO3
What mechanism of pH regulation in the body is the Kidney regulation
longest lasting?
What mechanism of pH regulation in the body is the Respiratory
strongest?
Is arterial blood or venous blood a better representation of Arterial
gas exchange and pH?
Euthanasia "good dying"
Active Euthanasia Taking specific action to cause a patient's death such as lethal dose
Passive Euthanasia Withdrawing treatment to cause patient's death
Assisted Suicide Providing patients the means to cause their own death *Unethical*
Hospice care is covered by Medicare under what Less than 6 mo. life expectancy
stipulations? Must show evidence of decline
Must forego curative measures and transfer to comfort measures
Palliative care Improving quality of life through aggressive management of symptoms
Hospice vs. Palliative care differences Hospice -> No cures, only comfort measures. Has a time limit for life expectancy
and is covered by Medicare.
Palliative -> Aggressive management of symptoms in hopes of a cure, no time
limits, independent insurance pays for it
What is the best guiding principle on what to say to a dying Ask how much they know and how much they would like to know
patient?
Stuvia 2026-2027 | Latest Version
