Chemical methods of disinfection and sterilization: RIGHT answer
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1. Ethylene oxide sterilization: ETO, gas sterilize – safe for all equipment.
Use biological indicators to verify the conditions for sterility have been met
(Attest)
2. Alkaline glutaraldehyde (Cidex) disinfection (15 min) or sterilization (10
hours); rinse with sterile water after soaking
3. Acid glutaraldehyde (Sonacide) – disinfect and sterilize; rinse with sterile
water after soaking
4. Alcohol – disinfect
5. Soaps and detergents: not antimicrobial agents but used as cleaners
6. Bleach – cheap – disinfection – clean blood
Normal vs obstructive vs restrictive (1 2 3)
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,Mercury or Water barometer (Utube barometer)
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measures barometric pressure; pressure is read off the scale at the TOP of
the meniscus for mercury and at the BOTTOM of the meniscus for water. No
air in the mercury tube or it pushes down against the mercury and readings
will be consistently low (vacuum system).
FEV1/FVC
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Forced Expiratory Volume/Time/Forced Vital Capacity Ratio The forced
expiratory volume for a given interval expressed as a percentage of the
vital capacity. Decreased with obstructive disease. Normal with restrictive
disease, even in the presence of decreased vital capacity and or decreased
FEV1.
Free breathing valves
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, allows the patient to be switched from breathing room air to breathing
through the spirometer circuit. Typically used for spirometry and FRC
measurements.
PEFR or PEF
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Peak expiratory flow rate: max flow rate achieved during a forced
exhalation. Normal 10 L/s or 600 L/min
Infrared absorption Analyzer
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Carbon dioxide/Carbon monoxide/methane (CH4)
a. Infrared absorption Analyzer; chopper motor à shaft à chopper blade;
failing motor and bearing vibrations can affect readings. Not affected by
changes in partial pressure (altitude); Troubleshooting: Long sample lines
and moisture can adversely affect calibration and delay response time.
b. Quick response for diffusion DLCO measurement
c. Calibrate to room air 0% (Room air is oxygen and nitrogen and there is
no co2, co or ch4) and a known concentration of 0.3% CO then check zero
again. If matches, the machine is linear. Use gain to match readout to
known concentration.
Contraindications to pulmonary testing
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1. Ethylene oxide sterilization: ETO, gas sterilize – safe for all equipment.
Use biological indicators to verify the conditions for sterility have been met
(Attest)
2. Alkaline glutaraldehyde (Cidex) disinfection (15 min) or sterilization (10
hours); rinse with sterile water after soaking
3. Acid glutaraldehyde (Sonacide) – disinfect and sterilize; rinse with sterile
water after soaking
4. Alcohol – disinfect
5. Soaps and detergents: not antimicrobial agents but used as cleaners
6. Bleach – cheap – disinfection – clean blood
Normal vs obstructive vs restrictive (1 2 3)
Give this one a try later!
,Mercury or Water barometer (Utube barometer)
Give this one a try later!
measures barometric pressure; pressure is read off the scale at the TOP of
the meniscus for mercury and at the BOTTOM of the meniscus for water. No
air in the mercury tube or it pushes down against the mercury and readings
will be consistently low (vacuum system).
FEV1/FVC
Give this one a try later!
Forced Expiratory Volume/Time/Forced Vital Capacity Ratio The forced
expiratory volume for a given interval expressed as a percentage of the
vital capacity. Decreased with obstructive disease. Normal with restrictive
disease, even in the presence of decreased vital capacity and or decreased
FEV1.
Free breathing valves
Give this one a try later!
, allows the patient to be switched from breathing room air to breathing
through the spirometer circuit. Typically used for spirometry and FRC
measurements.
PEFR or PEF
Give this one a try later!
Peak expiratory flow rate: max flow rate achieved during a forced
exhalation. Normal 10 L/s or 600 L/min
Infrared absorption Analyzer
Give this one a try later!
Carbon dioxide/Carbon monoxide/methane (CH4)
a. Infrared absorption Analyzer; chopper motor à shaft à chopper blade;
failing motor and bearing vibrations can affect readings. Not affected by
changes in partial pressure (altitude); Troubleshooting: Long sample lines
and moisture can adversely affect calibration and delay response time.
b. Quick response for diffusion DLCO measurement
c. Calibrate to room air 0% (Room air is oxygen and nitrogen and there is
no co2, co or ch4) and a known concentration of 0.3% CO then check zero
again. If matches, the machine is linear. Use gain to match readout to
known concentration.
Contraindications to pulmonary testing
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