TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S
vv vv vv vv
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
vv Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
vv vv vv
MULTIPLE CHOICE vv
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
vv vv vv vv v v vv vv vv
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C vv
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
vv vv vv vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v PG 2 vv
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome v v v v
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C vv
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
genetic information.
vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v PG 2 vv
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
vv p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
vv to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes v v
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B vv
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v PG 8 vv
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
cell injury?
vv vv
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum vv vv
b. Golgi complex vv d. Lysosomes v v
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D vv
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
correctly describe this process.
vv vv vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v PGs 7-8 vv
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
cell membrane.
vv vv
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the cell
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
membrane.
vv
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A vv
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v PG 7 | Figure 1-5 vv vv vv vv
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M v v
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B vv
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v PG 37 vv
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
as receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
drive active pumps?
vv vv vv
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates v v
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C vv
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport channels
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
for amino acids and monosaccharides; and
vv vv vv vv vv vv
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v PG 13 | PG 15 vv vv vv vv
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
which human diseases?
vv vv vv
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders vv vv vv
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders vv vv vv
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders vv vv vv
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders vv vv vv
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B vv
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
other options do not correctly describe this process.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v v v PG 15 vv
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
vv
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains vv c. Membrane channel proteins vv vv
b. Glycoprotein channels vv d. Lipid bilayerv v vv
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D vv
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
the plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
that dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options do not correctly
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
describe this process.
vv vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v PGs 12-13 vv
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
vv vv vv vv
a. How a cell membrane functions vv vv vv vv
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid vv vv vv vv vv vv
c. How tissue is differentiated vv vv vv
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A vv
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
their
vv
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
options do not explain the mosaic model.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
vv vv vv vv
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
vv Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
vv vv vv
MULTIPLE CHOICE vv
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
vv vv vv vv v v vv vv vv
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C vv
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
vv vv vv vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v PG 2 vv
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome v v v v
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C vv
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
genetic information.
vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v PG 2 vv
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
vv p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
vv to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes v v
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B vv
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v PG 8 vv
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
cell injury?
vv vv
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum vv vv
b. Golgi complex vv d. Lysosomes v v
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D vv
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
correctly describe this process.
vv vv vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v PGs 7-8 vv
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
cell membrane.
vv vv
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the cell
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
membrane.
vv
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A vv
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v PG 7 | Figure 1-5 vv vv vv vv
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M v v
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B vv
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v PG 37 vv
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
as receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
drive active pumps?
vv vv vv
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates v v
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C vv
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport channels
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
for amino acids and monosaccharides; and
vv vv vv vv vv vv
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v PG 13 | PG 15 vv vv vv vv
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
which human diseases?
vv vv vv
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders vv vv vv
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders vv vv vv
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders vv vv vv
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders vv vv vv
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B vv
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
other options do not correctly describe this process.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v v v PG 15 vv
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
vv
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains vv c. Membrane channel proteins vv vv
b. Glycoprotein channels vv d. Lipid bilayerv v vv
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D vv
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
the plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
that dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options do not correctly
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
describe this process.
vv vv vv
PTS: v v v v 1 REF: v v PGs 12-13 vv
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
vv vv vv vv
a. How a cell membrane functions vv vv vv vv
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid vv vv vv vv vv vv
c. How tissue is differentiated vv vv vv
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A vv
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
their
vv
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
options do not explain the mosaic model.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
