NUR 325 Exam Questions with Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: What is glucose regulation?
Answer: The process of maintaining optimal blood glucose levels
Question 2: What is the ultimate end goal of glucose metabolism?
Answer: Cellular use of glucose for energy (ATP)
Question 3: What is glycogen?
Answer: Major form of stored glucose; can be found in the liver or muscle tissue
Question 4: What is glycogenolysis?
Answer: Converting glycogen to glucose
Question 5: What are the counter-regulatory hormones?
Answer: Hormones that aid the process of glycogenolysis including: glucagon, epinephrine, growth
hormone, and cortisol
Question 6: What is insulin?
Answer: A hormone that regulates blood glucose levels by converting glucose into glycogen when blood
sugar levels are too high.
Question 7: What is insulin resistance?
Answer: A resistance to the hormone insulin, usually causing a build-up of glucose in the blood
Question 8: What is gluconeogenesis?
Answer: Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, like proteins and fat
Question 9: What is euglycemia?
Answer: Normal blood glucose levels -70 to 140 mg/dL pre and post prandial
Question 10: What is hyperglycemia?
Answer: High blood glucose levels -Greater than 140 mg/dL post-prandial -Greater than 100 mg/dL fasting
-Greater than 180 mg/dL post-prandial (severe)
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, Question 11: What is hypoglycemia?
Answer: Low blood glucose levels -Less than 70 mg/dL -Less than 50 mg/dL (severe)
Question 12: What are some signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?
Answer: -Reduce cognition -Tremors -Diaphoresis -Weakness -Hunger -Headache -Irritability -Seizure
Question 13: What are some signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?
Answer: -Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia -Dehydration -Fatigue -Fruity breath odor -Kussmaul
respirations -Weight loss -Hunger -Poor wound healing
Question 14: How does hyperglycemia occur?
Answer: -Insufficient insulin production or secretion -Excessive counter-regulatory hormone secretion
-Deficient hormone signaling
Question 15: How does hypoglycemia occur?
Answer: -Insufficient nutritional intake -Adverse reaction to medications -Excessive exercise
-Consequences of disease states
Question 16: What hormones increase/decrease blood glucose?
Answer: Increase: cortisol, glucagon, epinepherine, growth hormone Decrease: Insulin
Question 17: What are some consequences of hyperglycemia?
Answer: Short term: -Dehydration Long term: Microvascualar/macrovascular damage -Retinopathy,
nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy -Hypertension, peripheral vascular disease
Question 18: What are some consequences of hypoglycemia?
Answer: -Nervousness -Irritability -Diaphoresis -Anxiety -Palpatations (heart flutter) -Neurological changes
-Seizure -Unconsciousness -Death
Question 19: What are some interventions for hypoglycemia?
Answer: 15 grams of carbohydrates: -1/2 cup regular soda/juice -1 cup milk -1/2 ampule of Dextrose 50%
(D50) -1 mg glucagon -3 to 4 glucose tablets -1 tbsp honey -4 to 6 pieces hard candy -15 jellybeans
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Question 1: What is glucose regulation?
Answer: The process of maintaining optimal blood glucose levels
Question 2: What is the ultimate end goal of glucose metabolism?
Answer: Cellular use of glucose for energy (ATP)
Question 3: What is glycogen?
Answer: Major form of stored glucose; can be found in the liver or muscle tissue
Question 4: What is glycogenolysis?
Answer: Converting glycogen to glucose
Question 5: What are the counter-regulatory hormones?
Answer: Hormones that aid the process of glycogenolysis including: glucagon, epinephrine, growth
hormone, and cortisol
Question 6: What is insulin?
Answer: A hormone that regulates blood glucose levels by converting glucose into glycogen when blood
sugar levels are too high.
Question 7: What is insulin resistance?
Answer: A resistance to the hormone insulin, usually causing a build-up of glucose in the blood
Question 8: What is gluconeogenesis?
Answer: Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, like proteins and fat
Question 9: What is euglycemia?
Answer: Normal blood glucose levels -70 to 140 mg/dL pre and post prandial
Question 10: What is hyperglycemia?
Answer: High blood glucose levels -Greater than 140 mg/dL post-prandial -Greater than 100 mg/dL fasting
-Greater than 180 mg/dL post-prandial (severe)
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, Question 11: What is hypoglycemia?
Answer: Low blood glucose levels -Less than 70 mg/dL -Less than 50 mg/dL (severe)
Question 12: What are some signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?
Answer: -Reduce cognition -Tremors -Diaphoresis -Weakness -Hunger -Headache -Irritability -Seizure
Question 13: What are some signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?
Answer: -Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia -Dehydration -Fatigue -Fruity breath odor -Kussmaul
respirations -Weight loss -Hunger -Poor wound healing
Question 14: How does hyperglycemia occur?
Answer: -Insufficient insulin production or secretion -Excessive counter-regulatory hormone secretion
-Deficient hormone signaling
Question 15: How does hypoglycemia occur?
Answer: -Insufficient nutritional intake -Adverse reaction to medications -Excessive exercise
-Consequences of disease states
Question 16: What hormones increase/decrease blood glucose?
Answer: Increase: cortisol, glucagon, epinepherine, growth hormone Decrease: Insulin
Question 17: What are some consequences of hyperglycemia?
Answer: Short term: -Dehydration Long term: Microvascualar/macrovascular damage -Retinopathy,
nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy -Hypertension, peripheral vascular disease
Question 18: What are some consequences of hypoglycemia?
Answer: -Nervousness -Irritability -Diaphoresis -Anxiety -Palpatations (heart flutter) -Neurological changes
-Seizure -Unconsciousness -Death
Question 19: What are some interventions for hypoglycemia?
Answer: 15 grams of carbohydrates: -1/2 cup regular soda/juice -1 cup milk -1/2 ampule of Dextrose 50%
(D50) -1 mg glucagon -3 to 4 glucose tablets -1 tbsp honey -4 to 6 pieces hard candy -15 jellybeans
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