lOMoARcPSD|69074652
Diabetes
A condition in which the body’s ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin is
impaired, resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated levels of glucose in
the blood and urine.
What is the problem of high blood glucose?
in the blood is NOT the problem. The problem is that when glucose is in the blood, it means it’s
NOT in the cells where it’s needed. It’s only in cells that glucose is broken down through cellular
respiration in order to make ATP. When we don’t have glucose in cells to do that, cells don’t
have energy and a lot of problems can result.
Diabetes is the fastest growing _____ and is among the top _______ in the US
Chronic disease, ten leading causes of death
Trend of diabetes
While the incidence of diabetes is much higher than 50 years ago, since the mid-2000’s, the rate
of increase has slowed, and is now slightly declining
Population affected by diabetes
disease does not impact all populations the same and has a disproportionate impact on poor
and under-resourced groups.
How many people have diabetes in US?
There are over 35 million diagnosed diabetics in the US and an estimated 20% more than that
who are undiagnosed diabetics.
, lOMoARcPSD|69074652
Fill in this chart
1. mouth/tongue
2. Salivary glands
3. Esophagus
4. Stomach
5. Liver
6. Gallbladder
7. Pancreas
8. Small intestine
9. Large intestine
10. Appendix
11. Rectum
12. Anus
Mouth
, lOMoARcPSD|69074652
is where we use our teeth to grind up food into pieces small enough to swallow. The increase in
the surface area also makes it easier to start enzymatic breakdown.
Salivary glands
adds moisture to the food and makes it slipperier and easier to swallow. Saliva also adds
amylase to food which will start the breakdown of starch
Esophagus
the muscular tube that connects your mouth to your stomach
Stomach
: a muscular organ that squishes up food and mixes it around with stomach acid (HCl) and bile
to start chemically breaking down food into monomers
Liver- what macromolecule does bile break down?
food doesn’t pass through the liver, but it makes bile which helps break down fats
Gallbladder
stores the bile until its needed in the stomach
Pancreas
makes a LOT of enzymes that are secreted into the small intestines. When your pancreas isn’t
functioning correctly, that can cause major problems for digestion. It will also be extremely
important when we talk about glucoregulation but for other reasons.
Small intestine
the ONLY place where the nutrients from our food are absorbed into the blood stream. A lot of
chemical digestion happens as food moves through this 22 ft tube as well. It’s good that it is so
long so that we can maximize absorption.
Large intestine:
, lOMoARcPSD|69074652
this is where water is reabsorbed by our body
Appendix
doesn’t do anything, but this is where it is!
Rectum
where waste accumulates until it exits
Anus
The end of the road. Hahaha
Digestion involves both ____ and ____ breakdown
Chemical and mechanical
Mechanical breakdown
basically squishing stuff up and breaking it apart into smaller bits that then have more surface
area for the chemical breakdown to occur
There ae physical structures like teeth and muscles for the mechanical component and enzymes
to carry out the physical component
Chemical breakdown
Uses enzymes
Amylase
Salivary glands, in saliva, breaks down starch (carbohydrates) to maltose
Maltase
Breaks down maltose into glucose
Diabetes
A condition in which the body’s ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin is
impaired, resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated levels of glucose in
the blood and urine.
What is the problem of high blood glucose?
in the blood is NOT the problem. The problem is that when glucose is in the blood, it means it’s
NOT in the cells where it’s needed. It’s only in cells that glucose is broken down through cellular
respiration in order to make ATP. When we don’t have glucose in cells to do that, cells don’t
have energy and a lot of problems can result.
Diabetes is the fastest growing _____ and is among the top _______ in the US
Chronic disease, ten leading causes of death
Trend of diabetes
While the incidence of diabetes is much higher than 50 years ago, since the mid-2000’s, the rate
of increase has slowed, and is now slightly declining
Population affected by diabetes
disease does not impact all populations the same and has a disproportionate impact on poor
and under-resourced groups.
How many people have diabetes in US?
There are over 35 million diagnosed diabetics in the US and an estimated 20% more than that
who are undiagnosed diabetics.
, lOMoARcPSD|69074652
Fill in this chart
1. mouth/tongue
2. Salivary glands
3. Esophagus
4. Stomach
5. Liver
6. Gallbladder
7. Pancreas
8. Small intestine
9. Large intestine
10. Appendix
11. Rectum
12. Anus
Mouth
, lOMoARcPSD|69074652
is where we use our teeth to grind up food into pieces small enough to swallow. The increase in
the surface area also makes it easier to start enzymatic breakdown.
Salivary glands
adds moisture to the food and makes it slipperier and easier to swallow. Saliva also adds
amylase to food which will start the breakdown of starch
Esophagus
the muscular tube that connects your mouth to your stomach
Stomach
: a muscular organ that squishes up food and mixes it around with stomach acid (HCl) and bile
to start chemically breaking down food into monomers
Liver- what macromolecule does bile break down?
food doesn’t pass through the liver, but it makes bile which helps break down fats
Gallbladder
stores the bile until its needed in the stomach
Pancreas
makes a LOT of enzymes that are secreted into the small intestines. When your pancreas isn’t
functioning correctly, that can cause major problems for digestion. It will also be extremely
important when we talk about glucoregulation but for other reasons.
Small intestine
the ONLY place where the nutrients from our food are absorbed into the blood stream. A lot of
chemical digestion happens as food moves through this 22 ft tube as well. It’s good that it is so
long so that we can maximize absorption.
Large intestine:
, lOMoARcPSD|69074652
this is where water is reabsorbed by our body
Appendix
doesn’t do anything, but this is where it is!
Rectum
where waste accumulates until it exits
Anus
The end of the road. Hahaha
Digestion involves both ____ and ____ breakdown
Chemical and mechanical
Mechanical breakdown
basically squishing stuff up and breaking it apart into smaller bits that then have more surface
area for the chemical breakdown to occur
There ae physical structures like teeth and muscles for the mechanical component and enzymes
to carry out the physical component
Chemical breakdown
Uses enzymes
Amylase
Salivary glands, in saliva, breaks down starch (carbohydrates) to maltose
Maltase
Breaks down maltose into glucose
