Peterson and Peterson (1959): conclusion
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· Forgetting in long-term memory is due to interference (McGough, 1932;
Underwood, 1957)
· Forgetting in short-term memory is not due to interference (it is caused by
decay)
· Therefore, short-term and long-term memory are independent systems
Serial self-terminating.
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Look at the items one-by-one. Stop immediately if you find it.
,Top-down or conceptually-driven processing
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Processing which is influenced by the context and higher-level knowledge
Varied Mapping
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· In the varied mapping condition, one set containing only either letter or
numbers is composed.
· On every trial, items that are targets and distractors change.
connectionist network
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A network of highly interconnected abstract (computer programs) units that
processes information in parallel and that learns by forming associations
(simulate/reproduce what they thought neurons were doing)
Input goes in, output units are the systems responses
With training and feedback-driven learning, the networks can learn
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, object recognition, the past tense of verbs and categories.
cognitive neuroscience
· Disadvantages
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o Often expensive
o Interdependence between behavioral and neurological measurement
Hebbian learning rule:
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Any two cells [...] that are repeatedly active at the same time will tend to
become "associated", so that activity in one facilitates activity in the other
(Hebb 1949, p. 70)
Motor cortex activation related to the processing of action words simply reflects
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associative learning in the brain
Proactive interference occurs when previously learned
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information interferes with the retention of new information
o If there were P.I., response accuracy should be diminishing with practice;
it should not increase.
What is attention?
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· "[Attention] is taking possession of the mind, in clear and vivid form, of
one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of
thoughts. ...It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal
effectively with others" (p. 403-404, James, 1890).
types of feature
conjunction
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you have to combine two different features to define what you are looking
for
Short-term store
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· Forgetting in long-term memory is due to interference (McGough, 1932;
Underwood, 1957)
· Forgetting in short-term memory is not due to interference (it is caused by
decay)
· Therefore, short-term and long-term memory are independent systems
Serial self-terminating.
Give this one a try later!
Look at the items one-by-one. Stop immediately if you find it.
,Top-down or conceptually-driven processing
Give this one a try later!
Processing which is influenced by the context and higher-level knowledge
Varied Mapping
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· In the varied mapping condition, one set containing only either letter or
numbers is composed.
· On every trial, items that are targets and distractors change.
connectionist network
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A network of highly interconnected abstract (computer programs) units that
processes information in parallel and that learns by forming associations
(simulate/reproduce what they thought neurons were doing)
Input goes in, output units are the systems responses
With training and feedback-driven learning, the networks can learn
Give this one a try later!
, object recognition, the past tense of verbs and categories.
cognitive neuroscience
· Disadvantages
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o Often expensive
o Interdependence between behavioral and neurological measurement
Hebbian learning rule:
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Any two cells [...] that are repeatedly active at the same time will tend to
become "associated", so that activity in one facilitates activity in the other
(Hebb 1949, p. 70)
Motor cortex activation related to the processing of action words simply reflects
Give this one a try later!
associative learning in the brain
Proactive interference occurs when previously learned
, Give this one a try later!
information interferes with the retention of new information
o If there were P.I., response accuracy should be diminishing with practice;
it should not increase.
What is attention?
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· "[Attention] is taking possession of the mind, in clear and vivid form, of
one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of
thoughts. ...It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal
effectively with others" (p. 403-404, James, 1890).
types of feature
conjunction
Give this one a try later!
you have to combine two different features to define what you are looking
for
Short-term store
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