BIOLOGY 1201 EXAM 4 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ The combined effects of multiple signals determine the ________
Answer: cellular response
◉ A ________ is a series of steps by which a signal on a cell's surface
is converted into a specific cellular response
Answer: signal transduction pathway
◉ Cells in a multicellular organism communicate by ________
Answer: chemical messengers
◉ Animal and plant cells have _________ that directly connect the
cytoplasm of adjacent cells
Answer: cell junctions
◉ In ________, animal cells may communicate by direct contact or
cell-cell recognition
Answer: local signaling
◉ In many other cases, animal cells communicate using ________
that travel only short distances
Answer: messenger molecules
,◉ In ________, plants & animals use chemicals called hormones
Answer: long-distance signaling
◉ Three processes cells receiving signals go through:
________
________
________
Answer: -reception
-transduction
-response
◉ ________ is the process in which the target cell's detects a
signaling molecule coming from outside the cell; the signal is
detected when a signaling molecule binds to a receptor protein
Answer: reception
◉ ________ is the process which converts the signal molecule to a
form that can bring about a specific cellular response
Answer: transduction
◉ ________ is the process which helps ensure that crucial activities
occur in the right cell, at the right time, & in proper coordination
with the activities of other cells of the organism
Answer: response
, ◉ Reception: the binding between a signal molecule, ________, and
receptor is highly specific
Answer: ligand
◉ The receptor changes ________, which is often the initial
transduction of the signal
Answer: shape
◉ Most signal receptors are ________
Answer: plasma membrane proteins
◉ Most ________ signal molecules bind to specific sites on receptor
proteins in the plasma membrane
Answer: water-soluble (polar)
◉ ________ cannot cross the cell membrane
Answer: polar ligands
◉ Three main types of membrane receptors:
________
________
________
Answer: -G protein-coupled receptors
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ The combined effects of multiple signals determine the ________
Answer: cellular response
◉ A ________ is a series of steps by which a signal on a cell's surface
is converted into a specific cellular response
Answer: signal transduction pathway
◉ Cells in a multicellular organism communicate by ________
Answer: chemical messengers
◉ Animal and plant cells have _________ that directly connect the
cytoplasm of adjacent cells
Answer: cell junctions
◉ In ________, animal cells may communicate by direct contact or
cell-cell recognition
Answer: local signaling
◉ In many other cases, animal cells communicate using ________
that travel only short distances
Answer: messenger molecules
,◉ In ________, plants & animals use chemicals called hormones
Answer: long-distance signaling
◉ Three processes cells receiving signals go through:
________
________
________
Answer: -reception
-transduction
-response
◉ ________ is the process in which the target cell's detects a
signaling molecule coming from outside the cell; the signal is
detected when a signaling molecule binds to a receptor protein
Answer: reception
◉ ________ is the process which converts the signal molecule to a
form that can bring about a specific cellular response
Answer: transduction
◉ ________ is the process which helps ensure that crucial activities
occur in the right cell, at the right time, & in proper coordination
with the activities of other cells of the organism
Answer: response
, ◉ Reception: the binding between a signal molecule, ________, and
receptor is highly specific
Answer: ligand
◉ The receptor changes ________, which is often the initial
transduction of the signal
Answer: shape
◉ Most signal receptors are ________
Answer: plasma membrane proteins
◉ Most ________ signal molecules bind to specific sites on receptor
proteins in the plasma membrane
Answer: water-soluble (polar)
◉ ________ cannot cross the cell membrane
Answer: polar ligands
◉ Three main types of membrane receptors:
________
________
________
Answer: -G protein-coupled receptors
